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. 2018 Sep 5;144(3):1160–1169. doi: 10.1121/1.5052260

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

Representative focal waveforms measured in water by fiber-optic probe hydrophone (FOPH) from two HIFU transducers with different F-numbers (F-number 1, frequency 1.1 MHz—thin grey line, F-number 0.75, frequency 1.5 MHz—thick black line) from the studies by Li et al., 2014 and Li et al., 2015. The output levels corresponding to these waveforms were required of the two transducers to induce consistent inertial cavitation activity during pHIFU and enhanced drug uptake in murine pancreas tumors. Note that peak pressures in the two waveforms are substantially different (specifically, p− = 16.5 MPa for F-number 0.75 and 11 MPa for F-number 1), but both waveforms contain a shock front.