Table 1.
Beneficial effects provided by the endophytic strain Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN on different plants.
| Crop | Benefit provided to the host plant | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Grapevine | Growth enhancement, more secondary roots and leaf hairs. | Ait Barka et al., 2000; Compant et al., 2005b |
| Increased shoot and root fresh and dry weight as well as the number of nodes. | ||
| Maize | Increased shoot/root biomass, and leaf area. | Kost et al., 2014; Naveed et al., 2014b |
| Increased leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and photochemical efficiency of PSII. | ||
| Wheat | Better grain yield. | Naveed et al., 2014a |
| Improvement of the ionic balance, antioxidant levels. | ||
| Increased nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and protein concentration. | ||
| Lupin | Degradation of plant-secreted oxalate and reduce the oxalate level which might reduce the infection potential of oxalate-producing phytopathogenic fungi or bacteria. | Kost et al., 2014 |
| Watermelon | Root growth promotion and enhanced stem performance. | Liu et al., 1995 |
| Switchgrass | Growth promotion. | Kim et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2015 |
| Increased shoot/root biomass, elongation of root, stem and leaf. | ||
| Early tillers and persistent growth vigor. | ||
| Improved the photosynthetic rates and greater water use efficiency. | ||
| Tomato | Increased plant height, shoot/root biomass. | Frommel et al., 1991b; Pillay and Nowak, 1997; Sharma and Nowak, 1998; Nowak et al., 2004; Onofre-Lemus et al., 2009 |
| Greener leaves, shorter root system with more lateral roots and root hairs. | ||
| Potato | Increased root number/dry weight, halum dry weight, stem length and node numbers. | Frommel et al., 1991a, 1993; Lazarovits and Nowak, 1997; Bensalim et al., 1998 |
| Induction of root branching and hair formation. | ||
| Increased chlorophyll and starch content, nutrient and water uptake. | ||
| Enhanced leaf hair formation, secondary root branching, and total plant lignin content Improved tuber number and weight, increased medium pH. | ||
| Enhanced tuber number and weight, earlier stolon formation. | ||
| Arabidopsis | Stimulation of growth parameters (plant fresh weight, dry weight, number of root hairs and chlorophyll content) | Poupin et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2016 |
| Enlarged stem cell size of pith and improved the essential metals, specifically iron, uptake and accumulation. Modulation of phytohormones. | ||
| Cucumber | Inoculated seeds enhanced the early growth and promoted root growth and weight. | Nowak et al., 2004 |
| Sweet pepper | Bacterized seedlings had higher initial vigor, higher root, and shoot fresh weight. | Nowak et al., 2004 |
| Brassica | Optimized plant performance (height, root length, fresh and dry shoot biomass and root). | Nafees et al., 2018 |
| Improved the plant physiology parameters [photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll contents (Chl), sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), and water use efficiency] and antioxidant activity and reduced Cr uptake in Cr-contaminated soil. | ||
| Cantaloupe | Reduced shoot growth and root length. | Liu et al., 1995 |
| Canola | Root elongation. | Sun et al., 2009 |