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. 2018 Sep 5;9(9):906. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-0902-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a, b Tumor volumes and survival time of PPI in PLC and PLC/Twist1 (Twist1 overexpression) cell xenografts. PPI significantly inhibited tumor growth in the PLC/Twist1 group and increased the survival rate. c, d PPI decreased lung metastasis, MVD, and VM, and this effect is dependent on Twist1 in the xenografts. The black arrow points to the pulmonary metastasis focuses in c. The Red arrow points to the PAS-positive and endomucin-negative vessels lining with tumor cells. Yellow arrow points to the endothelial cell lined vessels. e, f Effect of PPI on the expression of VM-related proteins. The expression of E-cadherin, which is located in the cell membrane, increased, whereas those of VM markers, namely, VE-cadherin, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, MMP-2, MMP-9, vimentin, and p-Akt, decreased and were located in the cytoplasm. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01)