Table 4.

Effects and epistatic effects estimated between QTL qHd3-1 and one of three QTLs, qHd6-1, qHd6-2 and qHd8-2, on heading date (HD) under the spring and the fall (days).

QTL aggregateda	DSSLc	Effect estimated (days)e		Epistatic effects estimated (days)f
		The spring	The fall	The spring	The fall
qHd3-1/qHd6-1 b	s3-2/s6-5d	−5.8*g	−5.5*h	−5.8*	−2.1
qHd3-1/qHd6-2	s3-2/s6-17	−6.9**	−6.6**	−6.8*	−5.2*
qHd3-1/qHd8-2	s3-2/s8-20	−5.3*	−7.0**	−6.4*	1.8

^aQTL aggregated denoted two target QTL that were used in aggregation. ^bQTL was nominated by qHd followed chromosomal number or -serial number. ^cDSSL (double substitution segment line) was developed from two SSSLs by MAS. ^dsi-j represented jth SSSL on chromosome i. ^eEffect estimated was calculated by the genetic difference between DSSL and the control. ^fEpistatic effect estimated equaled to the effect of DSSL subtracted the sum of two SSSL effects. ^gThe negative sign in the table indicated to shorten HD. ^{h, *} and ^** denoted the significance at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.