TABLE 4.
Prevalence of high-BLNAR isolates in Japan and other countries
| Country | Year(s) of isolation | No. (%) of H. influenzae isolates |
High-BLNAR strains among BLNAR strains (%) | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | BLNARa | High-BLNARb | ||||
| Japan | 2016–2018 | 104 | 62 (59.6) | 57 (54.8) | 91.9 | This study |
| 2011–2012 | 122 | 57 (46.7)c | 52 (42.6) | 91.2 | 22 | |
| 2004–2005 | 172 | 61 (35.5)c | 43 (25.0) | 70.5 | 23 | |
| 2003 | 264 | 172 (65.2)c | 74 (28.0) | 43.0 | 13 | |
| 2002–2004 | 457 | 211 (46.2)c | 121 (26.5) | 57.3 | 42 | |
| 2000–2009 | 508 | 247 (48.6)c | 159 (31.3) | 55.3 | 20 | |
| 1999 | 296 | 78 (26.3)c | 39 (13.1) | 50.0 | 15 | |
| 1995–2003 | 621 | 229 (36.9) | 77 (12.4) | 33.6 | 6 | |
| 1987–2000 | 162 | 22 (13.6)c | 3 (1.9) | 13.6 | 19 | |
| Korea | 2012 | 122 | 49 (40.2) | 18 (14.8) | 36.7 | 8 |
| Norway | 2007 | 808 | 116 (14.4) | 3 (0.4) | 2.6 | 14 |
| Korea | 2005–2006 | 540 | 33 (6.1) | 8 (1.5) | 33.3 | 21 |
| Portugal | 2001–2008 | 240 | 94 (39.1) | 2 (0.8) | 2.1 | 9 |
| Spain | 2001–2006 | 354 | 198 (55.9) | 12 (3.4) | 6.1 | 7 |
| France | 2000–2008 | 2,206 | 354 (16.0) | 3 (0.14) | 0.9 | 11 |
| Spain | 2000–2009 | 95 | 27 (28.4) | 0 (0) | 0 | 10 |
| Korea | 2000–2005 | 229 | 67 (29.3) | 0 (0) | 0 | 18 |
| United States | 1999 | 95 | 13 (13.7)c | 0 (0) | 0 | 15 |
a
Isolates with Arg517His or Asn526Lys substitutions in PBP3.
b
Isolates with Ser385Thr in addition to Arg517His or Asn526Lys substitutions in PBP3.
c
Defined by PCR.