TABLE 2.
Haplotypes of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 in different countriesa
| Areab | Countryf | Pfcrtc |
Pfmdr1c |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total no. of isolates | WTd (CVMNK) (no. [%]) | Mutation type (no. [%]) |
Mixed type (CV M/I N/E K/T) (%) | Total no. of isolates | WT (NY) (no. [%]) | Mutation type (no. [%]) |
Mixed type (no. [%]) |
||||||
| CVIET | SVMNT | YY | NF | YF | N Y/F | Y Y/F | |||||||
| WA | Nigeria | 25 | 13 (52.00) | 4 (16.00) | 0 (0.00) | 8 (32.00) | 26 | 11 (42.31) | 0 (0.00) | 8 (30.77) | 4 (15.38) | 3 (11.54) | 0 (0.00) |
| Liberia | 15 | 1 (6.67) | 9 (60.00) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (33.33) | 20 | 4 (20.00) | 2 (10.00) | 7 (35.00) | 7 (35.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Guinea | 8 | 0 (0.00) | 5 (62.50) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (37.50) | 9 | 2 (22.22) | 0 (0.00) | 6 (66.67) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (11.11) | |
| Sierra Leone | 2 | 1 (50.00) | 1 (50.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 6 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (16.67) | 3 (50.00) | 1 (16.67) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (16.67) | |
| Ghana | 4 | 3 (75.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (25.00) | 6 | 2 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (50.00) | 1 (16.67) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Ivory Coast | 3 | 1 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 4 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Benin | 3 | 2 (66.67) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (33.33) | 3 | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Niger | 3 | 3 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 3 | 2 (66.67) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Burkina Faso | 1 | 1 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Mali | 1 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (100.00) | 1 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Subtotal | 65 | 27 (41.54) | 19 (29.23) | 0 (0.00) | 19 (29.23) | 79 | 22 (27.85) | 3 (3.80) | 33 (41.77) | 14 (17.72) | 5 (6.33) | 2 (2.53) | |
| SA | Angola | 24 | 10 (41.67) | 10 (41.67) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (16.67) | 29 | 13 (44.83) | 2 (6.90) | 9 (31.03) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (10.34) | 2 (6.90) |
| Zambia | 10 | 9 (90.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (10.00) | 10 | 6 (60.00) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (40.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Mozambique | 9 | 8 (88.89) | 1 (11.11) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 9 | 3 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (55.56) | 1 (11.11) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Subtotal | 43 | 27 (62.79) | 11 (25.58) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (11.63) | 48 | 22 (45.83) | 2 (4.17) | 18 (37.50) | 1 (2.08) | 3 (6.25) | 2 (4.17) | |
| CA | Congo | 22 | 12 (54.55) | 5 (22.73) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (22.73) | 20 | 6 (30.00) | 4 (20.00) | 5 (25.00) | 2 (10.00) | 3 (15.00) | 0 (0.00) |
| EG | 11 | 7 (63.64) | 3 (27.27) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (9.09) | 10 | 2 (20.00) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (30.00) | 5 (50.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Cameroon | 7 | 6 (85.71) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (14.29) | 6 | 3 (50.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (33.33) | 1 (16.67) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Gabon | 3 | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (66.67) | 3 | 2 (66.67) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| CAR | 1 | 1 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Subtotal | 44 | 27 (61.36) | 8 (18.18) | 0 (0.00) | 9 (20.45) | 40 | 13 (32.50) | 4 (10.00) | 11 (27.50) | 9 (22.50) | 3 (7.50) | 0 (0.00) | |
| EA | Uganda | 5 | 1 (20.00) | 1 (20.00) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (60.00) | 6 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (16.67) | 4 (66.67) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (16.67) | 0 (0.00) |
| South Sudan | 3 | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (66.67) | 3 | 2 (66.67) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Tanzania | 4 | 3 (75.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (25.00) | 4 | 0 (0.00) | 2 (50.00) | 1 (25.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (25.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Ethiopia | 2 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (50.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (50.00) | 2 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (50.00) | 1 (50.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Rwanda | 1 | 1 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 | 1 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Subtotal | 15 | 6 (40.00) | 2 (13.33) | 0 (0.00) | 7 (46.67) | 16 | 3 (18.75) | 3 (18.75) | 7 (43.75) | 1 (6.25) | 2 (12.50) | 0 (0.00) | |
| NA | Sudan | 3 | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (33.33) | 3 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) |
| Libya | 1 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Subtotal | 4 | 1 (25.00) | 2 (50.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (25.00) | 4 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (25.00) | 2 (50.00) | 1 (25.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| SEA | Indonesia | 3 | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (66.67) | 0 (0.00) | 3 | 2 (66.67) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
| Burma | 2 | 0 (0.00) | 2 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 | 2 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Laos | 0 | 0 (—e) | 0 (—) | 0 (—) | 0 (—) | 1 | 1 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Subtotal | 5 | 1 (20.00) | 2 (40.00) | 2 (40.00) | 0 (0.00) | 6 | 5 (83.33) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (16.67) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
| All areas | Total | 176 | 89 (50.57) | 44 (25.00) | 2 (1.14) | 41 (23.30) | 193 | 65 (33.68) | 12 (6.22) | 71 (36.79) | 27 (13.99) | 14 (7.25) | 4 (2.07) |
a
The haplotypes were constructed considering codon positions 72 to 76 of Pfcrt and codon positions 86 and 184 of Pfmdr1.
b
WA, SA, CA, EA, NA, and SEA represent West Africa, South Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, North Africa, and Southeast Asia, respectively.
c
Amino acid mutations are underlined.
d
WT, wild type.
e
—, no data.
f
EG, Equatorial Guinea; CAR, Central African Republic.