Table 2.
Echocardiographic changes
| Variable | Assessment 1 | Assessment 2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate (bpm) | 146 ± 12 | 152 ± 10 | 0.3 |
| Vascular parameters | |||
| Aorta intima media thickness (μm) | 840 ± 94 | 740 ± 83 | 0.07 |
| Pulsatile diameter (μm) | 36 ± 14 | 63 ± 25 | 0.04 |
| Left sided (systolic) | |||
| Mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (circ/sec) | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 0.0004 |
| Left ventricular output (mL/kg/min) | 188 ± 13 | 208 ± 13 | 0.046 |
| Left sided (diastolic) | |||
| End systolic wall stress (g/cm2) | 76.4 ± 5 | 58 ± 6.6 | 0.001 |
| Trans‐mitral E/A ratio | 1.1 ± 0.08 | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.003 |
| Isovolumic relaxation time (msec) | 69.6 ± 8.2 | 59.4 ± 5 | 0.044 |
| Mitral valve stroke volume (mL/kg) | 4.72 ± 0.2 | 5.46 ± 0.4 | 0.004 |
| Pulmonary vein velocity time integral (cm) | 5.3 ± 0.2 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 0.002 |
| Combined | |||
| TDI Myocardial performance index | 0.36 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.001 |
| Right‐sided parameters | |||
| Right ventricular output (mL/kg/min) | 172 ± 9 | 193 ± 8 | 0.004 |
| TPV/RVETc | 0.27 ± 0.02 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.008 |
TPV/RVETc – time to peak velocity/right ventricular ejection time (surrogate for pulmonary vascular resistance), TDI – tissue Doppler imaging.