Table 3.

Factors associated with higher perceived stigma

	The group with higher perceived stigma score (more than 32, n = 23) (%)	The group with lower perceived stigma score (less than 32, n = 33) (%)	Crude odds ratio (95%CI) (n = 55)	Adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) (n = 55)
Having knowledge of schizophrenia (over 4 grades†)	grade4; 3 (42.9), grade3; 8 (53.3), grade2; 7 (38.9), grade1; 5 (31.2)	grade4; 4 (57.1), grade3; 7 (46.7), grade2; 11 (61.1), grade1; 11 (68.8)	1.31 (0.77–2.25)	3.78 (1.21–11.78)*
Having knowledge of depression (over 4 grades†)	grade4; 5 (31.2), grade3; 8 (47.1), grade2; 6 (50.0), grade1; 4 (36.4)	grade4; 11 (68.8), grade3; 9 (52.9), grade2; 6 (50.0), grade1; 7 (63.6)	0.90 (0.55–1.48)	0.31 (0.10– 0.94)*
Gender (males or not)	14 (60.9)	24 (72.7)	1.71 (0.55–5.33)	1.01 (0.24–4.29)
Country and region (Asia or not)	11 (47.8)	21 (63.6)	0.52 (0.18–1.55)	0.44 (0.11–1.81)
Higher K6 score (more than 14)	4 (17.4)	6 (n = 32) (18.8)	2.25 (0.25–20.1)	3.34 (0.49–22.82)
The annual income of parents or guardians in the home country (more than moderate)	15 (65.2)	24 (72.7)	0.70 (0.22–2.22)	0.95 (0.26–3.41)
I often use the International Center or the International Student Mobility Division (once a week or more)	9 (39.1)	14 (42.4)	0.87 (0.29–2.58)	0.95 (0.26–3.41)
In the future, I want to make use of the advisory services in health concerns.	6 (26.1)	11 (33.3)	0.71 (0.22–2.29)	0.63 (0.14–2.78)
Language ability in Japanese (Independent User or further)	14 (60.9)	20 (60.6)	1.28 (0.33–5.00)	1.25 (0.34– 4.65)
Language ability in English (Independent User or further)	19 (82.6)	26 (78.8)	1.01 (0.34–3.01)	1.98 (0.31–12.50)

As a result of adjusting all displayed factors for each other by multivariate logistic regression analysis, each factor indicates an independent value for the adjusted odds ratio.

*p < 0.05.

†grade4; Know well, grade3; Know a little, grade2; Don’t know very much, and grade1; Not at all.