Figure 3.

Relationships between three ecological variables (a–c) and a summary measure of these three variables (PC1 scores; d) with the degree of male advantage in sexual morphology (scores from the second principal component summarizing variation in female spines and male pregenitals, where zero indicates balanced sexual armaments relative to this set of populations), across 16 populations of G. incognitus. Slopes with standard errors are given in the lower left of each panel. See table 1 for R² values.