Table 1.

The three major imaging methods for acute stroke and parameters they can detect^*,^**.

Physiologic Parameter	PET	CT	MRI
Hemorrhage		Hyperdense	T2 * hypo-intensity, 130 SWI, 130 APT 131
Site of occlusion		CTA	MRA
destined for infarction (Neuronal death)	11C-FMZ 18F-BCPP-EF	Hypodense	T2 hyper-intensity
CBV	15O2	CTP	DSC, VASO (mainly GM) 132
CBVa			iVASO (mainly GM) 133
CBF	15O2	XeCT/CTP	DSC, ASL (mainly GM) 134
MTT	15O2	CTP	DSC
CMRO2	15O2		QSM, indirectly by 13C MRS, MRI
OEF increase	15O2		QSM, T2 and T2 * mild hypo-intensity
CMRGlc	18FDG		13C MRS
Hypoxia	18F-MISO		BOLD (T2, T2 * )
Lactate			1H MRS, 13C MRS
pH	11CO2, 11C-DMO		31P MRS, CEST/APT MRI
PCr/Cr			31P MRS, CEST MRI128
ATP			31P MRS
Na			23Na MRI
ADC			DWI, DTI

^*MRI methods possible on standard clinical scanners are in BOLD.

^**Most citations are in the text; only references for clinically accessible methods not mentioned in the text are added to the table.

FMZ: flumazenil; ¹⁸F-BCPP-EF: 2-tert-butyl-4-chloro-5-{6-[2-(2-(18)F-fluoroethoxy)-ethoxy]-pyridin-3-ylmethoxy}-2H-pyridazin-3-one; FDG: Fluorodeoxyglucose; MISO: misonidazole; DMO: dimethyloxazolidinedione; CTA: CT angiography; CTP: CT perfusion; SWI: Susceptibility-weighted imaging; CEST: Chemical exchange saturation transfer; APT: Amide proton transfer; MRA: Magnetic resonance angiography; DSC: Dynamic susceptibility contrast; VASO: Vascular space occupancy; iVASO: inflow VASO; ASL: Arterial spin labeling; QSM: Quantitative susceptibility mapping; MRS: MR spectroscopy; DWI: Diffusion weighted imaging; DTI: Diffusion tensor imaging.