Table 3.
Weighted baseline characteristics of the diabetes group based on diabetic duration
| Men (n = 505, N = 618 430) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| DM duration ≤ 5 years | DM duration > 5 years | ||
| n = 235 (51.01)b | n = 270 (48.99)b | ||
| Age (years) | 60.45 ± 0.60 | 62.79 ± 0.64 | 0.008 |
| Weight (kg) | 70.25 ± 0.90 | 68.06 ± 0.69 | 0.054 |
| Height (cm) | 167.24 ± 0.56 | 166.33 ± 0.43 | 0.199 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.06 ± 0.26 | 24.56 ± 0.21 | 0.132 |
| Fat mass (%) (n = 495) | 23.66 ± 0.43 | 23.58 ± 0.37 | 0.879 |
| Low income (n = 497) n, (%) | 79 (26.95%) | 93 (34.15%) | 0.124 |
| Physical activity n, (%)a | |||
| low | 59 (21.82) | 66 (27.29) | |
| moderate | 95 (44.34) | 115 (40.35) | |
| high | 80 (33.84) | 88 (32.38) | |
| 234 | 269 | 0.5099 | |
| Smoker (%) | |||
| never | 45 (18.62) | 40 (12.41) | |
| past | 100 (34.80) | 153 (55.73) | |
| current | 90 (46.58) | 77 (31.86) | |
| 235 | 270 | 0.0005 | |
| alcohol (g/day) | 15.96 ± 1.78 | 12.90 ± 1.61 | 0.204 |
| Hypertension (%)a | 34.98 | 30.29 | 0.201 |
| fasting glucose | 134.42 ± 2.98 | 144.06 ± 3.82 | 0.047 |
| fasting insulin (n = 432) | 10.24 ± 0.49 | 10.66 ± 0.45 | 0.528 |
| HbA1c (n = 488) | 6.97 ± 0.09 | 7.54 ± 0.11 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR (n = 432)a | 3.39 ± 0.21 | 3.70 ± 0.16 | 0.243 |
| HOMAbeta (n = 432)a | 67.94 ± 5.39 | 51.60 ± 17.91 | 0.383 |
| total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 175.71 ± 2.79 | 179.53 ± 3.21 | 0.37 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 42.53 ± 0.78 | 41.79 ± 0.76 | 0.498 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 98.73 ± 2.56 | 100.91 ± 2.58 | 0.549 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 172.25 ± 9.44 | 182.15 ± 9.12 | 0.365 |
| serum vitamin D (ng/mL) | 20.27 ± 0.55 | 20.60 ± 0.59 | 0.69 |
aThe data are presented as n (%) or the means ± standard error (SE). n = unweighted; N = the size of Korean population estimated using sample weights; physical activity level = low (<600 MET minutes per week), moderate (≥600-<3000 MET minutes per week), high (≥3000 MET minutes per week); hypertension = diagnosis and current usage of antihypertensive drug or ≥140 mmHg systolic BP, or ≥90 mmHg diastolic BP; HOMA-IR = [fasting plasma glucose] × [fasting insulin] ×0.055 /22.5; HOMA-beta = 20 × [fasting plasma insulin / ([fasting plasma glucose] × 0.055-3.5); HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
bThe prevalence (%) are presented weighted value