Table 2.
Association between study factors and ADHD estimates
| Study factors | Univariate analyses | Multivariate analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated prevalence difference % | 95% CI | P | Estimated prevalence difference % | 95% CI | P | |||
| Min | Max | Min | Max | |||||
| Diagnostic criteria (DSM-IV as reference) | ||||||||
| Other criteria | 1.65 | 1.23 | 2.07 | < 0.0001 | 1.21 | -11.53 | 9.11 | 0.7944 |
| Geographical location (North, Center and South as reference) | ||||||||
| Northern Italy | 2.17 | 1.53 | 2.81 | < 0.0001 | −1.39 | -14.42 | 11.65 | 0.8123 |
| Central Italy | −0.46 | −1.15 | 0.23 | 0.1772 | −8.91 | -21.66 | 3.83 | 0.1454 |
| Southern Italy | 0.58 | −0.11 | 1.27 | 0.1134 | −5.92 | -18.35 | 6.52 | 0.3045 |
| Case definition (clinician as reference) | ||||||||
| AND rule | −0.12 | −0.56 | 0.32 | 0.6161 | −0.64 | -12.21 | 10.93 | 0.9013 |
| Parent | 0.96 | 0.32 | 1.60 | 0.0003 | 2.09 | −9.81 | 14.00 | 0.6957 |
| Teacher | 5.05 | 4.67 | 5.43 | < 0.0001 | 12.88 | 4.28 | 21.48 | 0.0087 |
| Child | 15.14 | 12.08 | 18.20 | < 0.0001 | 26.01 | 9.96 | 42.07 | 0.0057 |
| Origin of sample (population as reference) | ||||||||
| School | 3.87 | 3.60 | 4.14 | < 0.0001 | 4.41 | −8.59 | 17.41 | 0.4569 |
| Family Pediatrician Practice | 0.76 | 0.07 | 1.45 | 0.0051 | 7.75 | -17.67 | 33.16 | 0.5022 |
| Quality (RoB score ≥ 6 as reference) | ||||||||
| RoB score ≤ 5 | 1.45 | 1.14 | 1.76 | < 0.0001 | −5.34 | -14.25 | 3.56 | 0.2038 |
| Sample size (> 1000 participants as reference) | ||||||||
| ≤ 1000 participants | 2.77 | 2.13 | 3.41 | < 0.0001 | 4.21 | −5.63 | 14.05 | 0.3528 |
| Year of study publication (≥ 2006 as reference) | ||||||||
| < 2006 | −0.03 | −0.37 | 0.31 | 0.8688 | −0.04 | −9.62 | 9.55 | 0.9932 |
| Intercept | 15.44 | −0.89 | 31.77 | 0.0609 | ||||