Table 2.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Designated At-Risk Populations for Particulate Matter and Ozone Exposure

A. At-Risk Populations for Particulate Matter Exposure (2012
Category of Evidence	Population
Adequate evidence	People with heart and lung disease, asthmatics
	Children under 18 years
	Older adults at and above 65 years
Inadequate evidence	Pregnant women for effect on fetus
	Obese populations for cardiac susceptibility
	Women (gender)
	Populations of low socioeconomic status
Not assessed	Obese populations for pulmonary susceptibility
	Overweight populations
	Outdoor athletes
	Populations with poor diets with nutritional (anti-oxidant or vitamin deficiencies)
	Racial/ethnic groups
	Smokers
B. At-Risk Populations for Ozone Air Pollution (2015)
Category of Evidence	Population
Adequate evidence	Asthmatics
	Children under 18 years
	Older adults at and above 65 years
	Populations with poor diets with nutritional (anti-oxidant or vitamin deficiencies)
	Outdoor workers
Suggestive evidence	Obese populations
	Populations with genetic markers
	Women
	Populations of low socioeconomic status
Inadequate evidence	Patients with the following:
	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
	Cardiovascular disease
	Diabetes
	Hyperthyroidism
	Influenza and other respiratory infections
	Racial groups
	Smokers
Evidence of no effect	—
Not assessed	Overweight populations
	Pregnant women
	Outdoor athletes