Table 1. Mean conservation gain, G, observed in five different species and life history types for nine different conservation actions.

We define “conservation gain” as G = (r-r₀)×200, where the model is set up so that growth rate is zero before applying either stochasticity or the conservation action. Then r₀ is the growth rate with stochasticity but without the conservation action while r is the growth rate with both stochasticity and the conservation action. N_a for Action-9 denotes the adult population. All results are based on simulations using Model 2. Organisms in age-class k = 0 are referred to as “recruits”; other pre-reproductive individuals are “juveniles”. Larger sensitivities shown are in bold for emphasis. Species are DE = Diomedea exulans (albatross), OO = Orchinus orca (orca), DC = Dermochelys coriacea (leatherback sea turtle), CP = Chrysemys picta (Striped bass) and LG = Lobatus gigas (Queen conch).

Action		Effect on parameters	Size of action, x	DE	OO	DC	CP	LG
1	Increase recruit survival by amount x	s0 → s0 + x	0.100	1	0.75	15.2	71.2	212.2
2	Increase recruit survival by proportion x	s0 → s0(1+x)	0.115	1	0.22	1.1	1.6	3.5
3	Reduce recruit mortality by proportion x	1−s0 → (1−s0)(1−x)	0.743	1	0.16	33.5	110.3	288.0
4	Reduce mortality rate μ0 by proportion x	μ0 → μ0(1−x)	0.756	1	0.16	27.3	86.2	223.6
5	Increase all juveniles’ survival by x	sk → sk + x	0.005	1	0.95	1.2	1.3	3.4
6	Increase all juveniles’ survival by proportion x	sk → sk(1+x)	0.006	1	1.02	1.0	0.9	0.7
7	Reduce all juveniles’ mortality by proportion x	1−sk → (1−sk)(1−x)	0.066	1	0.11	3.1	5.1	29.7
8	Reduce μk for juveniles by x	μk → μk(1−x)	0.069	1	0.11	2.9	4.0	12.7
9	Save/add x nests per year or equivalent	fk → fk(1+x/Na)	100	1	0.89	1.1	0.2	0.3