Table 3.
Sex hormone concentrations by study and case–control status*
| Study (reference) |
Case–control status |
Testosterone, nmol/L |
Calculated free testosterone, pmol/L |
DHT, nmol/L | Androstanediol glucuronide, nmol/L |
DHEA-S, nmol/L |
Androstenedione, nmol/L |
Estradiol, pmol/L |
Calculated free estradiol, pmol/L |
SHBG, nmol/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATBC (17) | Case | 20.8 (15.8–24.3) | 219 (184–272) | 1.85 (1.48–2.17) | 6.5 (3.9–8.8) | 3279 (2340–4952) | 4.78 (3.77–5.87) | 103 (84–125) | 1.06 (0.84–1.39) | 85.5 (65.0–109.5) |
| Control | 21.6 (16.7–24.5) | 219 (186–264) | 1.89 (1.48–2.27) | 5.7 (3.9–8.5) | 3075 (2259–4680) | 4.75 (3.92–5.68) | 103 (81–125) | 1.04 (0.86–1.31) | 85.0 (69.0–107.0) | |
| BLSA (11,24) | Case | 15.3 (12.5–17.9) | 183 (146–234) | N/A | N/A | 1330 (805–1790) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 72.9 (52.7–91.7) |
| Control | 15.2 (12.9–18.7) | 181 (134–233) | N/A | N/A | 1235 (841–1950) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 72.4 (53.0–97.3) | |
| CARET (21) | Case | 14.0 (10.8–17.5) | 308 (254–364) | N/A | 13.7 (9.2–18.8) | 2115 (1345–3407) | 2.72 (2.13–3.47) | 191 (165–215) | 3.27 (2.83–3.67) | 28.5 (20.5–36.9) |
| Control | 14.2 (11.3–17.8) | 326 (260–384) | N/A | 12.3 (8.7–18.1) | 1956 (1253–3091) | 2.63 (2.07–3.36) | 195 (168–219) | 3.36 (2.89–3.86) | 27.4 (20.8–36.2) | |
| CLUE (9,10) | Case | 14.3 (12.3–18.5) | N/A | 1.60 (1.23–2.27) | N/A | 2725 (1505–4025) | N/A | 233 (178–301) | 4.40 (3.46–5.65) | 38.1 (25.5–59.6) |
| Control | 13.7 (10.0–20.3) | N/A | 1.64 (1.23–2.27) | N/A | 2860 (1320–4590) | N/A | 221 (173–296) | 3.29 (2.64–4.28) | 42.7 (31.6–54.1) | |
| EPIC (27) | Case | 16.2 (11.8–21.2) | 284 (211–378) | N/A | 12.7 (8.6–19.2) | N/A | 4.59 (3.62–5.75) | N/A | N/A | 42.2 (31.8–53.9) |
| Control | 16.1 (12.2–20.7) | 277 (213–354) | N/A | 13.1 (9.0–19.3) | N/A | 4.75 (3.75–5.82) | N/A | N/A | 44.3 (33.3–55.2) | |
| FMC (18) | Case | 23.9 (17.9–31.0) | 404 (314–487) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4.95 (3.80–7.55) | N/A | N/A | 53.0 (39.2–68.0) |
| Control | 23.5 (18.5–29.9) | 376 (306–470) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4.90 (3.60–7.80) | N/A | N/A | 52.1 (38.5–68.9) | |
| HHS (NBSBWG) (22) | Case | 20.4 (16.6–24.0) | 325 (260–383) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 50.7 (34.9–73.2) |
| Control | 20.2 (16.2–24.5) | 327 (256–386) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 50.6 (36.5–71.3) | |
| HPFS (25) | Case | 16.1 (12.4–20.5) | 192 (141–332) | 1.34 (0.81–1.90) | 10.8 (7.2–16.5) | N/A | N/A | 114 (93–138) | 1.45 (0.87–2.23) | 63.5 (29.3–106.8) |
| Control | 16.0 (12.5–20.2) | 188 (144–316) | 1.34 (0.91–1.81) | 10.6 (7.0–15.7) | N/A | N/A | 115 (93–138) | 1.45 (0.91–2.20) | 63.2 (29.5–104.1) | |
| JACC (23) | Case | 16.4 (13.4–19.5) | 286 (237–356) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 39.3 (30.4–53.9) |
| Control | 15.5 (12.7–19.5) | 273 (226–327) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 41.7 (34.6–58.8) | |
| Janus (16) | Case | 18.2 (14.5–24.2) | N/A | 1.60 (1.19–2.08) | 14.0 (10.6–18.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Control | 18.1 (15.3–24.0) | N/A | 1.58 (1.21–2.04) | 12.5 (9.6–18.3) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| Janus (NBSBWG) (22) | Case | 22.1 (17.6–27.1) | 381 (298–476) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 46.9 (34.7–63.5) |
| Control | 23.1 (18.1–29.1) | 385 (300–487) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 49.2 (36.5–67.1) | |
| JHCS (7,14) | Case | 17.4 (12.9–23.6) | 346 (281–447) | 1.80 (1.29–2.52) | 10.0 (6.8–14.1) | N/A | 5.17 (4.33–6.25) | 66 (55–77) | 1.00 (0.83–1.17) | 39.7 (31.8–46.2) |
| Control | 17.6 (13.4–23.0) | 397 (329–516) | 1.86 (1.35–2.52) | 9.0 (6.4–12.6) | N/A | 5.10 (4.09–6.22) | 66 (51–84) | 0.97 (0.81–1.29) | 41.1 (30.3–47.8) | |
| KPMCP (12) | Case | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2844 (2027–4122) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Control | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2599 (1578–3864) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| MCCS (26) | Case | 15.5 (12.9–18.9) | 295 (251–342) | N/A | 13.4 (9.4–18.9) | 2500 (1600–4000) | 3.63 (2.61–4.51) | 104 (87–126) | 1.62 (1.35–1.94) | 38.5 (30.7–46.6) |
| Control | 15.8 (12.4–19.6) | 296 (248–360) | N/A | 14.3 (9.8–19.8) | 2900 (1800–4300) | 3.60 (2.76–4.58) | 107 (90–126) | 1.68 (1.36–2.01) | 37.7 (30.0–47.6) | |
| NSHDC (22) | Case | 21.6 (17.1–27.5) | 375 (299–472) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 74 (59–92) | 1.05 (0.81–1.31) | 46.3 (34.7–60.8) |
| Control | 21.7 (16.4–28.3) | 360 (293–462) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 75 (60–93) | 1.06 (0.83–1.36) | 48.3 (35.4–62.9) | |
| PHS (13) | Case | 16.7 (13.2–20.4) | 429 (334–521) | 1.16 (0.79–1.76) | 14.5 (11.1–19.2) | N/A | N/A | 121 (92–158) | 2.26 (1.66–3.02) | 20.2 (14.3–27.4) |
| Control | 16.2 (12.6–20.3) | 401 (325–504) | 1.24 (0.79–1.79) | 13.9 (10.0–18.6) | N/A | N/A | 125 (99–154) | 2.31 (1.81–2.95) | 21.8 (14.8–29.5) | |
| ProtecT (28) | Case | 14.3 (11.5–18.7) | 273 (199–338) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 37.6 (28.5–47.1) |
| Control | 13.8 (10.6–17.5) | 258 (200–312) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 37.7 (27.6–50.4) | |
| RBS (8) | Case | 10.9 (7.7–13.6) | N/A | 1.53 (0.98–1.98) | N/A | 2239 (1561–3474) | N/A | 77 (59–92) | N/A | N/A |
| Control | 10.4 (8.7–13.3) | N/A | 1.43 (1.10–1.87) | N/A | 2063 (1276–2904) | N/A | 73 (59–95) | N/A | N/A |
Data are median serum concentration (interquartile range). The numbers of case patients and control subjects for whom hormone measurements were available for a particular study varied by hormone. DHT = dihydrotestosterone; DHEA-S = dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; SHBG = sex hormone–binding globulin; ATBC = Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study; BLSA = Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging; CARET = Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial; CLUE = CLUE Study, Washington County, MD; EPIC = European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; FMC = Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey; HHS = Helsinki Heart Study; NBSBWG = Nordic Biological Specimen Biobank Working Group; HPFS = Health Professionals Follow-up Study; JACC = Japan Collaborative Cohort Study; Janus = Janus Serum Bank; JHCS = Japan–Hawaii Cancer Study; KPMCP = Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program; MCCS = Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study; NSHDC = Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort; PHS = Physicians’ Health Study; ProtecT = Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment; RBS = Rancho Bernardo Study; N/A = data not available for this study.