Table 4.
Known-groups Validity by Age and Race
| Mean (SD) T-scoresa |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Years) | Race | |||||||
| Baseline Assessment (N=333) | ||||||||
| PROMIS Measure | <65 (n=169) | ≥65 (n=164) | |t|b | Hypothesis Sourcec | NHW (n=233) | Black (n=87) | Hypothesis Sourcec | |t|b |
| Anxiety | 50.0 (9.8) | 45.4 (8.0) | 4.74 | [45,46,55] | 47.3 (8.2) | 48.7 (11.0) | [50,51,56] | 1.08 |
| Depression | 48.9 (9.0) | 45.2 (7.6) | 4.04 | [45,46,55] | 46.5 (7.5) | 48.1 (10.2) | [50,51,56] | 1.29 |
| Fatigue | 47.8 (10.8) | 44.6 (9.8) | 2.83 | [55] | 45.2 (9.9) | 48.7 (11.2) | [50,51,56] | 2.65 |
| Pain Interference | 48.5 (9.7) | 46.9 (8.4) | 1.62 | [55] | 46.5 (8.2) | 50.2 (10.5) | [50,51,56] | 2.95 |
| Sleep Disturbance | 50.2 (5.2) | 48.8 (5.5) | 2.44 | [57] | 49.8 (5.3) | 49.0 (5.7) | [58] | 1.20 |
| Physical Function | 49.9 (9.7) | 50.8 (8.5) | 0.93 | [55,48] | 51.1 (8.2) | 48.4(10.8) | [50,51,56] | 2.12 |
| 3-month Assessment (N=411) | ||||||||
| PROMIS Measure | <65 (n=199) | ≥65 (n=212) | |t|b | Hypothesis Sourcec | NHW (n=290) | Black (n=107) | Hypothesis Sourcec | |t|b |
| Anxiety | 48.5 (9.6) | 45.9 (8.0) | 3.00 | [46,47,55] | 46.1 (7.9) | 50.1 (10.7) | [50,51,56] | 3.58 |
| Depression | 48.7 (9.6) | 44.9 (8.0) | 4.31 | [46,47,55] | 45.9 (8.3) | 49.0 (10.0) | [50,51,56] | 2.91 |
| Fatigue | 48.9 (10.5) | 45.9 (9.6) | 3.07 | [55] | 46.8 (9.7) | 48.8 (10.6) | [51,56] | 1.75 |
| Pain Interference | 49.3 (9.7) | 46.6 (7.9) | 3.06 | [55] | 47.0 (8.2) | 50.3 (10.1) | [51,56] | 2.99 |
| Sleep Disturbance | 51.4 (5.7) | 48.8 (6.5) | 4.28 | [57] | 50.1 (6.1) | 50.2 (6.7) | [58] | 0.06 |
| Physical Function | 49.1 (9.5) | 49.6 (8.2) | 0.58 | [55] | 50.2 (8.1) | 47.4 (10.1) | [51,56] | 2.60 |
| 12-month Assessment (N=778) | ||||||||
| PROMIS Measure | <65 (n=368) | ≥65 (n=410) | |t|b | Hypothesis Sourcec | NHW (n=553) | Black (n=198) | Hypothesis Sourcec | |t|b |
| Anxiety | 46.7 (9.2) | 44.5 (7.7) | 3.62 | [55] | 45.2 (7.9) | 46.5 (9.8) | [49,51,56] | 1.72 |
| Depression | 47.2 (9.0) | 44.9 (7.7) | 3.88 | [55] | 45.7 (7.8) | 46.7 (9.6) | [49,51,56] | 1.33 |
| Fatigue | 46.9 (10.5) | 45.6 (8.9) | 1.91 | [55] | 46.0 (9.4) | 46.6 (10.2) | [49,51,56] | 0.81 |
| Pain Interference | 48.1 (9.2) | 47.2 (7.9) | 1.54 | [55] | 47.1 (7.9) | 48.8 (9.5) | [49,51,56] | 2.26 |
| Sleep Disturbance | 50.3 (6.4) | 49.3 (6.0) | 2.22 | [57] | 49.8 (6.0) | 49.4 (6.5) | [58] | 0.69 |
| Physical Function | 49.3 (8.9) | 49.8 (8.1) | 0.68 | [55] | 50.5 (8.0) | 47.1 (9.1) | [49,51,56] | 4.73 |
Notes: SD=standard deviation; NHW=non-Hispanic White.
a
T-scores (mean 50, SD 10) are presented for each PROMIS measure; higher T-scores reflect a greater level of the construct measured.
b
Absolute value of t-statistic: |t|>2 indicates statistically significant difference between groups at the 0.05 level.
c
Based on a review of the literature summarized in the Discussion section, we hypothesized that younger men (<65 years) would have worse HRQoL versus men ≥65 years (except for physical function), and Black men would have worse HRQoL compared to NHW men.