Table 5.
Known-groups Validity by Comorbidities
| Mean (SD) T-scoresa |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # of Mental Health Comorbiditiesb | # of Limiting Physical Health/Other Comorbiditiesb | |||||||
| Baseline Assessment (N=333) | ||||||||
| PROMIS Measure | 0 (n=271) | ≥1 (n=62) | |t|c | Hypothesis Sourced | 0 (n=280) | ≥1 (n=53) | Hypothesis Sourced | |t|c |
| Anxiety | 46.7 (8.2) | 52.3 (11.6) | 3.59 | [46,55] | 46.5 (8.4) | 54.2 (10.7) | [46,55] | 4.93 |
| Depression | 45.8 (7.5) | 52.4 (10.4) | 4.66 | [46,55] | 45.7 (7.6) | 54.1 (9.4) | [46,55] | 6.13 |
| Fatigue | 44.7 (9.5) | 52.6 (11.7) | 4.92 | [46,55] | 44.7 (9.7) | 54.3 (10.2) | [46,55] | 6.57 |
| Pain Interference | 46.6 (8.3) | 52.3 (11.0) | 3.84 | [46,55] | 45.9 (7.3) | 57.3 (11.5) | [46,55] | 6.99 |
| Sleep Disturbance | 49.2 (5.6) | 51.0 (4.7) | 2.34 | [57] | 49.1 (5.4) | 51.6 (5.0) | [57] | 3.12 |
| Physical Function | 51.4 (8.6) | 45.6 (9.8) | 4.70 | [46,55] | 52.3 (7.5) | 40.0 (9.8) | [46,55] | 8.68 |
| 3-month Assessment (N=411) | ||||||||
| PROMIS Measure | 0 (n=343) | ≥1 (n=68) | |t|c | Hypothesis Sourced | 0 (n=343) | ≥1 (n=68) | Hypothesis Sourced | |t|c |
| Anxiety | 45.9 (7.8) | 53.5 (11.2) | 5.39 | [46,55] | 45.9 (8.1) | 53.6 (9.8) | [46,55] | 6.09 |
| Depression | 45.5 (7.8) | 53.3 (11.3) | 5.47 | [46,55] | 45.6 (8.3) | 52.7 (9.9) | [46,55] | 5.56 |
| Fatigue | 46.1 (9.5) | 53.4 (10.9) | 5.59 | [46,55] | 45.9 (9.3) | 54.5 (11.0) | [46,55] | 6.71 |
| Pain Interference | 47.1 (8.2) | 52.2 (10.9) | 3.66 | [46,55] | 46.1 (7.4) | 57.0 (10.1) | [46,55] | 8.45 |
| Sleep Disturbance | 49.7 (6.0) | 52.1 (7.0) | 2.89 | [57] | 49.8 (6.1) | 51.5 (6.5) | [57] | 2.04 |
| Physical Function | 50.3 (8.5) | 44.7 (9.3) | 4.93 | [46,55] | 51.3 (7.6) | 39.5 (8.1) | [46,55] | 11.63 |
| 12-month Assessment (N=778) | ||||||||
| PROMIS Measure | 0 (n=648) | ≥1 (n=130) | |t|c | Hypothesis Sourced | 0 (n=649) | ≥1 (n=129) | Hypothesis Sourced | |t|c |
| Anxiety | 44.4 (7.6) | 50.8 (10.6) | 6.53 | [46,55] | 44.5 (7.6) | 50.6 (10.9) | [46,55] | 6.14 |
| Depression | 45.0 (7.6) | 50.7 (10.2) | 6.02 | [46,55] | 44.9 (7.5) | 51.1 (10.5) | [46,55] | 6.36 |
| Fatigue | 45.1 (9.1) | 51.7 (10.8) | 6.53 | [46,55] | 45.0 (9.1) | 52.1 (10.7) | [46,55] | 7.08 |
| Pain Interference | 46.9 (8.0) | 51.2 (10.3) | 4.47 | [46,55] | 46.1 (7.2) | 55.2 (10.4) | [46,55] | 9.40 |
| Sleep Disturbance | 49.4 (6.2) | 51.3 (6.3) | 3.24 | [55] | 49.5 (6.2) | 50.8 (6.2) | [57] | 2.18 |
| Physical Function | 50.2 (8.0) | 46.3 (9.8) | 4.29 | [46,57] | 51.3 (7.3) | 41.0 (9.0) | [46,55] | 12.19 |
Notes: SD=standard deviation.
a
T-scores (mean 50, SD 10) are presented for each PROMIS measure; higher T-scores reflect a greater level of the construct measured.
b
Mental health and physical health/other comorbid conditions are listed under Table 1.
c
Absolute value of t-statistic: |t|>2 indicates statistically significant difference between groups at the 0.05 level.
d
Based on a review of the literature summarized in the Discussion section, we hypothesized that men with ≥1 [limiting] comorbidity would have worse HRQoL versus men with no [limiting] comorbidities.