Table 1.
Characteristics | Lifetime Chronic Back Pain | ||
---|---|---|---|
No (n=5163) |
Yes (n=1990) |
p value* | |
Sociodemographics | |||
Age (mean) | 61.7 | 61.0 | <0.001 |
Race (%) | |||
White | 93.1% | 92.6% | 0.50 |
Non-white | 6.9% | 7.4% | |
Educational attainment | |||
Did not graduate high school | 4.5% | 8.9% | <0.001 |
High school graduate | 24.5% | 25.7% | |
Some college/vocational schoola | 44.2% | 45.0% | |
Completed college or further studyb | 26.7% | 20.4% | |
Income (annual family income) | |||
$50,000 or more | 55.7% | 43.7% | <0.001 |
VA health care user ever | 23.5% | 35.2% | <0.001 |
Ever applied for VA disability compensation, for any health condition | 19.8% | 36.8% | <0.001 |
Modifiable Lifestyle-Related and Psychological Risk Factors | |||
Body Mass Index | |||
Normal | 22.1% | 20.3% | <0.001 |
Overweight | 46.7% | 44.5% | |
Obesity I | 22.4% | 23.1% | |
Obesity II/III | 8.8% | 12.2% | |
Smoking | |||
Never smoked | 35.4% | 28.0% | |
Former smoker | 44.7% | 45.3% | <0.001 |
Current smoker | 20.0% | 26.8% | |
Alcohol (typical # of drinks per day) | |||
Never or no current alcohol | 36.2% | 43.6% | <0.001 |
<2 drinks in typical day | 43.3% | 36.4% | |
3 or more drinks | 20.5% | 19.9% | |
Physical activity [PA] (by moderate-intensity equivalent min/wk) | |||
Inactive (<150 min/wk) | 32.1% | 39.9% | <0.001 |
Low PA (150–299 min/wk) | 14.8% | 12.6% | |
Moderate PA (300–899 min/wk) | 23.2% | 20.4% | |
High PA >900 min/wk) | 29.9% | 27.1% | |
Sleep | |||
<6 hours/night | 25.0% | 40.7% | <0.001 |
6 to <7 hours/night | 25.7% | 22.5% | |
7 to <9 hours/night [ref] | 45.8% | 32.9% | |
9+ hours/night | 3.5% | 3.8% | |
Depression | |||
No depression (PHQ<5.0) | 77.6% | 49.0% | |
Mild Depression (PHQ ≥5.0 and <10.0) | 13.1% | 23.5% | <0.001 |
Moderate/Severe Depression (PHQ≥10.0) | 9.3% | 27.5% | |
PTSD | |||
No PTSD (PCL<30) | 80.1% | 53.6% | <0.001 |
Low PTSD symptoms (PCL ≥30 and <50) | 14.3% | 26.3% | |
Severe PTSD symptoms(PCL ≥50) | 5.7% | 20.1% |
VA= Veterans Affairs, min=minutes, wk=week
p-values adjusted to account for clustering by twinship
Including some college without completion, or having completed vocational school, technical school, or a 2-year college degree
attended and/or completed graduate school\