Table 1.

Molecular alterations that promote EMT

Molecular alterations	Signalling pathways	References
ACh	M3R/AMPK/MACC1	[155]
ACK1	AKT/POU2F1/ECD	[156, 157]
AEP	AKT/MARK	[158]
CCR7	TGFβ/ERK/PI3K/Snail	[159–161]
CUL4A	Hippo	[162]
CUL4B	PI3K/AKT	[163]
ECM1	ITGB4/FAK/SOX2/HIF-1α	[164]
EGF	Arf6-ERK	[22, 165–167]
EphA2	WNT/β-Catenin	[38, 168, 169]
FOXK1	C-jun	[170]
FOXM1	–	[171]
FOXO3a	–	[172]
HIF-1α	Snail	[173]
HOTAIR	HGF/C­Met/Snail	[174]
IFITM2	IGF1/IGF1R/STAT3	[175]
IL-6	JAK2/STAT3	[176]
IL-17	STAT3	[177]
JMJD2B	WNT/β-Catenin	[37, 178, 179]
MICAL2	–	[180]
Orai1, STIM1	–	[181]
Rab11-FIP2	–	[182]
RBP2	TGF­β1/Smad3	[183]
RhoGDI2	NFκB/Snail	[18, 184, 185]
SALL4	–	[186]
SENP3	–	[187]
Shh	PI3K/AKT	[188]
SPOCK1	–	[17, 189, 190]
SRF	–	[29, 191]
TBL1XR1	β­catenin/MMP7/EGFR/ERK	[192]
TMPRSS4	–	[193]
ZIPK	AKT/IκB/NF­κB	[194]
miR-21	–	[36]
miR-130	TGF­β	[195]
miR-181a-5p	MAKP	[196]
miR-181b	TGF­β/SMAD2/3/4	[197]
miR-363	–	[198]
miR-421	–	[199]
miR-544a	WNT	[31]
miR-940	–	[200]