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. 2018 Sep 6;8:13328. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31806-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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What are textural features? In this example, the basic processing steps and the principle of textural feature analysis is illustrated. The feature Intensity Variability used in the example describes areas of similar intensity and is a measure of image (or tumor) heterogeneity; equivalent to the parameter Grey-Level Non-Uniformity for zone (GLNUz) used in the manuscript. Index H represents the number of homogenous zones in the volume of interest.