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. 2018 Sep 6;8:13325. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31707-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Exosomes derived from AMSCs pre-activated with inflammatory cytokines contained miRNA involved in M2 macrophages polarization. The concentration of miR-34 (A), miR-127 (B), miR-21 (C), miR-135 (D), miR-146 (E) and miR-155 (F) was measured in exosomes produced by AMSCs treated with or without 10, 20 and 40 ng/ml IFNγ/TNFα by qRT–PCR. Columns, mean; bars, SD, * significant difference from exosomes of unstimulated cells, P < 0.05. (G) Monocytes were differentiated in macrophages with GM-CSF in presence of exosomes isolated from the supernatants of unstimulated (EXO UNSTIM) or cytokines-activated (EXO IFNγ/TNFα 10, 20 and 40 ng/ml) AMSCs. Cell lysates were subjected to Western blot analysis with specific antibody against to IRAK1, Notch1, Sirp-β1 and β-actin (cropped images – uncropped originals available in Supplementary Figure 4).