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. 2018 Sep 6;8:13315. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31709-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The microcirculation system on the cortical surface of the rat brain. (A) A craniotomy of 5 × 5 mm² was made behind the frontal suture. (B) The dura was opened using micro-scissors. (C) Under a dissection microscope equipped with a capillary videoscope at a resolution of 0.91 μm/pixel, all vasculatures on the brain surface, including the main arterioles and venules, were clearly seen (marked A and V to represent arterioles and venules, respectively). (D) This figure was created as a montage of 25 individual photos in order to obtain a panoramic view. In each craniotomy field, there were 1–2 main arterioles, which branched into primary arterioles (pa), secondary arterioles (sa), and terminal arterioles (ta). Terminal arterioles formed collateral circulation systems (hollow arrow) with each other, and finally disappeared from the brain surface. (E) Schematic diagram showing the microcirculation system on the brain surface.