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. 2018 Sep 6;8:13315. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31709-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Changes in microcirculation after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The microcirculation on the brain surface of rats after craniotomy was examined 24 hours after experimental SAH, as detailed in Materials and Methods. Microcirculation parameters included arterial diameter (C) regional cerebral blood flow (D) partial pressure of oxygen in brain tissue (PbtO₂) (E) and arterial pressure (F). (A,B) Diffuse vasoconstriction of secondary arterioles (sa, arrows) and terminal arterioles (ta, arrowheads) was observed in the SAH group (SAH, B) as compared with the control group (control, A). (C) Quantitatively, the diameters of the sa and ta were smaller in the SAH group than in the control group. The size of the primary arterioles (pa) was similar in both groups. (D,E) The regional cerebral blood flow (D) and PbtO₂ (D) at the brain surface were significantly lower in the SAH rats than in the control rats at a depth of <4 mm from the brain surface. (E) The arterial pressure at the brain surface (at a depth of <3 mm) was higher in the SAH group than in the control group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.