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. 2018 Sep 6;8:13315. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31709-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Vaosconstriction of small arterioles after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was reversible. The microcirculation on the brain surface of rats after craniotomy was examined 24 hours after experimental SAH, as detailed in Materials and Methods. (A,D) Marked vasoconstriction was observed in arteriole 24 hours after SAH. (B) The vasoconstrictive effect was alleviated by normal saline irrigation initially, but rebound vasoconstriction noted 5 min after irrigation (C). (E) The vasoconstrictive effect was reversible by application of nitroglycerin (NTG). (F) Quantitatively, the diameters of the sa and ta were smaller in the SAH group than in the control group. The size of the primary arterioles (pa) was similar in both groups. The vasoconstrictive effect could be alleviated by normal saline irrigation or NTG application. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.