Table 2.
Reported cases in mass media which received unproven stem cell interventions
| Gender | Age at diagnosis or death | Country of residence | Country where intervention took place | Condition | Alleged type of cellular intervention | Site of injections | Complications | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 18 months | Italy | Germany (Xcell Center) | Not specified neurological condition | Bone marrow derived stem cells (SCs) | Direct injection into the brain | Neurological | Internal brain hemorrhage, death | 59 |
| Male | 10 years | Azerbaijan | Germany (Xcell Center) | Cerebral palsy | Bone marrow derived SCs | Direct injection into the brain | Neurological | Internal brain hemorrhage | 59 |
| Female | 69 years | United states | Dominican Republic (For‐profit procedure performed by Dr. Zannos Grekos) |
Leg numbness and difficulty walking after breast cancer chemotherapy related complications | Grossly filtered bone marrow aspirate | Injection into the right carotid artery | Cerebrovascular | Stroke, death | 60 |
| Male | 77 years | United States | Dominican Republic (For‐profit procedure, supervised by Dr. Zannos Grekos) |
Pulmonary hypertension | Adipose derived stromal cells | Intravenous infusion | Cardiovascular | Cardiac arrest, death | 60 |
| Male | 73 years | South Korea | Japan (RNL Bio) | NA | Adipose derived stromal cells | NA | Cardiovascular | Pulmonary embolism, death | 61 |
| Male | 61 years | South Korea | China (RNL Bio) | Diabetes | Adipose derived stromal cells | NA | NA | Death | 61 |
| Female | 59 years | United states | United States (Bioregenesis Institute) | Idiopathic bronchiectasis | Non‐specified stem cell intervention | NA | NA | Death | 62 |
| Male | 27 years | China | China (Chinese army's 455 PLA Hospital) | Disabilities from a minor stroke | Allogenic SCs (not specified) | Spinal and intramuscular injections | NA | Death | 63 |
| Female | 63 years | China | China (Beijing Military General Hospital) | Hepatitis B related lifelong liver cirrhosis | NA | NA | NA | Coma, death | 63 |
| Female | NA | United states | United States (a clinic in Beverly Hills) | Face lift | Adipose derived stromal cells | Injections around the eye | NA | Bone‐like growth in the eye lid | 64 |
| Male | 72 years | Philippines | Germany | Liver cancer | Animal based (xenogeneic) SCs | NA | Infectious | Pneumonia | 65 |
| Male | 77 years | Philippines | Germany | Pneumonia | Animal based (xenogeneic) SCs | NA | Infectious | Pneumonia | 65 |
| Male | NA | Philippines | Germany | Heart disease | Animal based (xenogeneic) SCs | NA | NA | NA | 65 |
| Female | 75 years | Australia | Australia (Macquarie Stem Cell Clinic in Liverpool) |
Dementia | Autologous adipose stromal cells | NA | Cardiovascular | Uncontrolled blood loss during the liposuction procedure, hypovolemic shock, and death | 66 |
| Female | NA | Australia | Russia (the National Pirogov Medical Surgical Centre) | Neurological disorder, stiff person syndrome | Autologous hematopoietic SCs | Intravenous infusion | Cardiovascular | Heart attack, death | 67 |
| Male | 58 years | Russia | Russia | Aging | Human embryonic SCs | Skin injection | Neoplastic | Pea sized tumors | 68 |