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. 2018 Sep 6;9:3605. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06036-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — COSMIC network. Distribution of 44 tree-ring records from which cellulose was extracted for annual ¹⁴C measurements during the intervals 770–780 and 990–1000 CE (circles and rectangles) (Supplementary Fig. 1; Supplementary Tables 1-2). Independent ¹⁴C evidence from two floating tree-ring chronologies^{21, 22} (green), and five (quasi) annually resolved ice-core ¹⁰Be records^{23, 24} (yellow). White dashed lines refer to atmospheric radiocarbon zones¹⁷. The map reflects knowledge from the authors and was created via software ArcGIS 10.1 SP1 for Desktop by Esri