Table 2.

Characteristics of beta cell function in study population

Variable	CON	T2D	p
AUC 0–180 min
AUC(glucose)0–180 min [mmol* l−1 min−1]	842 [772; 901]	1 188 [1 080; 1 407]	<0.001
AUC(insulin)0–180 min [nmol* l−1 min−1]	48 [25; 68]	49 [31;65]	0.77
AUC(C-peptide)0–180 min [nmol* l−1 min−1]	350 [238; 405]	373 [290; 506]	0.17
Beta cell function
ΔAUC(insulin)0–180 min/ΔAUC(glucose)0–180 min [pmol* mmol−1]	680 [408; 1367]	174 [92; 228]	<0.001
ΔAUC(C-peptide)0–180 min/ΔAUC(glucose)0–180 min [nmol* mmol−1]	46 [20; 78]	13 [8; 21]	<0.001

Data are median [first; third quartile], two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test (n = 13–25 for CON; n = 18–25 for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus). Significant differences between groups (p-value ≤ 5%) are indicated by bold values. Glucose-tolerant humans (CON), patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Marker for beta cell function are ΔAUC(insulin)_{0–180 min}/ΔAUC(glucose)_{0–180 min} in pmol* mmol⁻¹ and ΔAUC(C-peptide)_{0–180 min}/ΔAUC(glucose)_{0–180 min} in nmol* mmol⁻¹