Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Variables | Total (N = 850) | CHP (n = 282) | IDH (n = 250) | CAPD (n = 146) | IPD (n = 88) | RT (n = 840) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 44.8 ± 17.2 | 45.7 ± 16.6 | 45.6 ± 17.9 | 45.3 ± 14.4 | 45.6 ± 17.9 | 37.6 ± 18.4 | 0.002a |
| Women | 426 (50.1) | 136 (48.2) | 129 (51.6) | 78 (53.4) | 39 (44.3) | 44 (52.4) | 0.625 |
| Etiology of ESRD | |||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 291 (34.2) | 116 (41.1) | 77 (30.8) | 57 (39.0) | 29 (33.0) | 12 (14.3) | 0.001a |
| Hypertension | 120 (14.1) | 24 (8.5) | 46 (18.4) | 11 (7.5) | 16 (18.2) | 23 (27.4) | 0.001a |
| Glomerulopathies | 179 (21.1) | 51 (18.1) | 45 (18.0) | 39 (26.7) | 21 (23.9) | 19 (26.4) | 0.086 |
| APKD | 20 (2.4) | 15 (5.3) | 3 (1.2) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0.002a |
| Other | 34 (4.0) | 18 (6.4) | 6 (2.4) | 8 (5.5) | 2 (2.3) | 0 (0) | 0.028a |
| Unknown | 206 (24.2) | 58 (20.6) | 73 (29.2) | 30 (20.5) | 19 (21.6) | 26 (31.0) | 0.063 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 291 (34.2) | 116 (58.9) | 77 (30.8) | 57 (39.0) | 29 (33.0) | 12 (14.3) | 0.001a |
| Hypertension | 700 (82.4) | 216 (76.6) | 208 (83.2) | 127 (87) | 74 (84.1) | 75 (89.3) | 0.020a |
| Heart disease | 31 (3.6) | 9 (3.2) | 10 (4.0) | 5 (3.4) | 3 (3.4) | 4 (4.8) | 0.965 |
| Lipid disorders | 528 (62.1) | 180 (63.8) | 149 (59.6) | 97 (66.4) | 57 (64.8) | 45 (53.6) | 0.283 |
| Autoimmune diseases | 168 (19.8) | 49 (17.4) | 44 (17.6) | 35 (24) | 18 (22.8) | 20 (23.8) | 0.316 |
| Liver disease | 16 (1.9) | 3 (1.1) | 6 (2.4) | 4 (2.7) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (1.2) | 0.770 |
| Cancer | 34 (4.0) | 18 (6.4) | 6 (2.4) | 8 (5.5) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0.028a |
| Time since diagnosis of CKD, mo | 2.4 ± 6.5 | 2.1 ± 5.7 | 2.7 ± 6.7 | 1.15 ± 4.4 | 3.75 ± 9.8 | 3.6 ± 7.5 | 0.010a |
| History of RRT | |||||||
| Hemodialysis | 41 (4.8) | 15 (5.3) | 7 (2.8) | 13 (8.9) | 4 (4.5) | 2 (2.4) | 0.067 |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 17 (2.0) | 4 (1.4) | 2 (0.8) | 3 (2.1) | 7 (8.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.001a |
| Social security coverage | 105 (12.4) | 25 (8.9) | 25 (17.1) | 27 (10.8) | 9 (10.2) | 19 (22.6) | 0.004a |
| Education | |||||||
| Illiterate | 74 (8.7) | 23 (8.2) | 6 (4.1) | 30 (12.0) | 11 (12.5) | 4 (4.8) | 0.031a |
| 1−6 yr | 356 (41.9) | 124 (44.0) | 62 (42.5) | 109 (43.6) | 38 (43.2) | 23 (27.4) | 0.086 |
| 7−9 yr | 286 (33.6) | 87 (30.9) | 54 (37.0) | 76 (30.4) | 28 (31.8) | 41 (48.8) | 0.020a |
| 9−12 yr | 104 (12.2) | 40 (14.2) | 20 (13.7) | 24 (9.6) | 7 (8.0) | 13 (15.5) | 0.265 |
| >12 yr | 29 (3.4) | 8 (2.8) | 4 (2.7) | 10 (4.0) | 4 (4.5) | 3 (3.6) | 0.896 |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Single | 297 (34.9) | 83 (29.4) | 47 (32.2) | 104 (41.6) | 23 (26.1) | 40 (47.6) | 0.001a |
| Married | 435 (51.2) | 166 (58.9) | 73 (50.0) | 114 (45.6) | 49 (55.7) | 33 (39.3) | 0.004a |
| Widowed | 55 (6.5) | 8 (2.8) | 13 (8.9) | 17 (6.8) | 8 (9.1) | 9 (10.7) | 0.025a |
| Divorced | 63 (7.4) | 25 (8.9) | 13 (8.9) | 15 (6.0) | 8 (9.1) | 2 (2.4) | 0.238 |
| Occupation | |||||||
| Unemployed | 390 (45.9) | 128 (45.4) | 74 (50.7) | 99 (39.6) | 45 (51.1) | 44 (52.4) | 0.101 |
| Merchant | 49 (5.8) | 14 (5.0) | 10 (6.8) | 20 (8.0) | 2 (2.3) | 3 (3.6) | 0.226 |
| Manual laborer | 32 (3.8) | 16 (5.7) | 3 (2.1) | 8 (3.2) | 2 (2.3) | 3 (3.6) | 0.311 |
| Field worker | 55 (11.8) | 15 (9.6) | 7 (9.7) | 11 (7.3) | 16 (35.6) | 6 (14.6) | 0.001a |
| Student | 32 (3.9) | 12 (4.5) | 4 (2.8) | 16 (6.6) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.6) | 0.016a |
| Housewife | 275 (33.6) | 95 (35.7) | 45 (31.5) | 86 (35.5) | 22 (25.6) | 27 (33.3) | 0.448 |
| Other | 17 (2.0) | 2 (0.7) | 3 (2.1) | 10 (4.0) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.2) | 0.087 |
| Monthly income | |||||||
| <$100 | 194 (22.8) | 70 (24.8) | 30 (20.5) | 54 (21.6) | 29 (33.0) | 11 (13.1) | 0.027a |
| Between $100 and $300 | 582 (68.5) | 202 (71.6) | 101 (69.2) | 168 (67.2) | 52 (59.1) | 59 (70.2) | 0.265 |
| >$300 | 74 (8.7) | 10 (3.5) | 15 (10.3) | 28 (11.2) | 7 (8.0) | 14 (16.7) | 0.001a |
| Principal economic provider | 339 (39.9) | 120 (42.6) | 69 (47.3) | 98 (39.2) | 29 (33.0) | 23 (27.4) | 0.022a |
| Area of residence | |||||||
| Urban areas | 687 (80.8) | 231 (81.9) | 120 (82.2) | 196 (78.4) | 66 (75) | 74 (88.1) | 0.190 |
| Rural areas | 163 (19.2) | 51 (18.1) | 26 (17.8) | 54 (21.6) | 22 (25.0) | 10 (11.9) |
APKD, adult polycystic kidney disease; CAPD, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; CHP, chronic hemodialysis program; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESRD, end-stage kidney disease; IHD, intermittent hemodialysis; IPD, intermittent peritoneal dialysis; RRT, renal replacement therapy RT, renal transplant.
Data are n (%) or mean ± SD.
a
P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance.