Table 3.

Effects of different doses of Rhus succedanea extracts on in vitro pH, and ammonia-N and total volatile fatty acid concentrations by mixed rumen anaerobic microbial fermentation

Incubation time	Dose (mg/L)						SEM	Contrast
	0	10	30	50	70	90		Linear	Quadratic	Cubic
pH
3 h	7.04	7.02	7.02	7.01	7.01	6.99	0.02	0.108	0.874	0.556
6 h	6.82	6.83	6.83	6.83	6.83	6.83	0.01	0.132	0.409	0.794
9 h	6.80	6.81	6.80	6.80	6.81	6.80	0.01	0.781	0.700	0.664
12 h	6.81	6.87	6.83	6.83	6.86	6.84	0.02	0.651	0.731	0.860
24 h	6.70	6.73	6.73	6.73	6.75	6.76	0.01	0.001	0.608	0.409
48 h	6.53	6.56	6.57	6.58	6.54	6.53	0.02	0.498	0.035	0.360
72 h	6.37	6.42	6.44	6.43	6.45	6.47	0.01	<0.0001	0.019	0.004
Ammonia-N concentration (mL/dL)
3 h	2.31	1.76	2.02	2.07	0.47	0.89	0.65	0.067	0.708	0.654
6 h	1.33	2.36	0.22	0.36	0.67	0.69	0.53	0.084	0.155	0.837
9 h	0.53	0.49	0.80	3.42	0.47	0.96	0.61	0.411	0.052	0.769
12 h	0.18	2.96	0.53	0.11	0.40	1.18	0.75	0.528	0.435	0.109
24 h	0.38	0.27	0.44	2.98	0.44	0.40	0.36	0.353	0.003	0.219
48 h	0.56	0.76	0.44	1.16	0.18	0.40	1.53	0.164	0.019	0.290
72 h	2.22	2.11	1.13	1.71	1.73	1.67	0.27	0.203	0.101	0.175
Total VFA concentration (mM)
3 h	80.60	74.63	75.10	75.95	75.36	76.39	2.15	0.428	0.213	0.310
6 h	75.40	74.20	77.20	75.17	76.77	75.25	1.06	0.580	0.336	0.779
9 h	76.54	74.49	74.67	74.93	76.55	74.69	1.59	0.902	0.797	0.243
12 h	77.43	65.09	73.80	73.10	72.59	76.80	4.93	0.562	0.517	0.627
24 h	80.68	74.96	73.89	74.48	69.81	74.19	2.81	0.084	0.187	0.975
48 h	89.28	88.42	86.24	82.32	87.47	86.80	1.39	0.149	0.021	0.774
72 h	98.87	97.79	96.08	96.57	95.44	95.00	1.01	0.014	0.277	0.266

SEM, standard error of the mean, n = 3; VFA, volatile fatty acid.