Table 1.
Demographic and clinical variables of subjects.
| Controls (n = 20) | IGDdep−(n = 22) | IGDdep+ (n = 21) | Test | p-value | Post hoc test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 24.0 ± 2.2 | 24.0 ± 1.6 | 23.6 ± 2.4 | F(2, 60) = 0.267 | 0.767 | |
| Full Scale IQ | 107.9 ± 10.7 | 109.9 ± 11.9 | 102.2 ± 12.5 | F(2, 60) = 2.452 | 0.095 | |
| IAT | 26.4 ± 9.8 | 69.4 ± 12.5 | 71.7 ± 10.1 | F(2, 60) = 111.949 | < 0.001 | IGDdep−, IGDdep+ > HC |
| BDI | 5.0 ± 3.5 | 7.6 ± 3.4 | 25.6 ± 4.3 | F(2, 60) = 185.146 | < 0.001 | IGDdep+ > HC, IGDdep- |
| BAI | 4.8 ± 4.4 | 6.7 ± 5.1 | 19.9 ± 9.7 | F(2, 60) = 30.498 | < 0.001 | IGDdep+ > HC, IGDdep- |
| AUDIT | 9.8 ± 7.1 | 14.1 ± 7.5 | 11.5 ± 7.8 | F(2, 60) = 1.768 | 0.179 | |
| BIS SCALES | ||||||
| Non-planning impulsivity | 16.5 ± 5.6 | 25.6 ± 7.7 | 22.9 ± 5.4 | F(2, 60) = 11.229 | < 0.001 | IGDdep−, IGDdep+ > HC |
| Motor impulsivity | 12.9 ± 3.3 | 18.5 ± 4.4 | 17.7 ± 4.4 | F(2, 60) = 11.246 | < 0.001 | IGDdep−, IGDdep+ > HC |
| Cognitive impulsivity | 11.2 ± 4.0 | 15.0 ± 2.7 | 16.1 ± 3.7 | F(2, 60) = 11.019 | < 0.001 | IGDdep−, IGDdep+ > HC |
| SUSTAINED ATTENTION TASK, NUMBER | ||||||
| Omission error | 1.4 ± 2.6 | 1.1 ± 1.6 | 1.6 ± 3.6 | χ2 = 0.114 | 0.944 | |
| Commission error | 5.4 ± 3.0 | 8.3 ± 7.0 | 9.2 ± 9.2 | χ2 = 1.163 | 0.559 | |
| DIVIDED ATTENTION TASK, NUMBER | ||||||
| Omission error | 4.7 ± 6.1 | 5.4 ± 8.1 | 10.3 ± 10.4 | χ2 = 6.130 | 0.047 | IGDdep+ > HC, IGDdep- |
| Commission error | 3.5 ± 2.2 | 3.4 ± 5.2 | 4.3 ± 7.8 | χ2 = 1.786 | 0.409 | |
Group comparisons were conducted by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. Because assumptions for normality were not met for the behavioral variables for the attention tasks, the Kruskal Wallis test was used for comparison.
IGDdep−, Internet Gaming Disorder subjects without comorbid depression; IGDdep+, Internet Gaming Disorder subjects with comorbid depression; IQ, intelligence quotient; IAT, Internet Addiction Test; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; BIS, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale.