Table 2.
Treatment2 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CT | KN | BK | P-value | ||||||
Item | NM | M | NM | M | SEM3 | PRD | MED | PRD × MED | |
VAS, cm | 0.4 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 0.08 | <0.01 | 0.08 | 0.37 |
Leg movement, n | 2.3d | 5.2c | 7.5b | 9.1ab | 10.8a | 0.13 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
Vocalization, n | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 6.8 | 9.9 | 0.17 | <0.01 | 0.29 | 0.10 |
Behavioral observation | |||||||||
Walking, min | 2.5b | 5.2a | 2.5b | 7.0a | 3.3b | 0.16 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Standing, min | 28.5 | 66.1 | 43.7 | 75.3 | 40.8 | 0.70 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.14 |
Lying, min | 98.0 | 53.4 | 82.1 | 43.4 | 85.0 | 0.77 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.12 |
Foot stamping, n | 1.6 | 12.9 | 5.4 | 28.3 | 31.7 | 0.75 | <0.01 | 0.37 | 0.64 |
a–dLeast square means within a row with differing superscripts differ (P ≤ 0.05).
1Values in the table represent the means of visual analog scale (VAS), leg movement, and vocalizations and behavioral observations.
2CT = sham noncastrated calves; KN = knife-castrated calves; BK = branded and knife-castrated calves; NM = single s.c. injection of lactated ringer’s immediately before procedure; M = single injection of s.c. meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg) immediately before procedure; PRD = procedure effect; MED = medication effect.
3The values correspond to nontransformed means; however, the SEM and the P-values correspond to ANOVA analysis using square root + 1 transformation.