Table 4.

The effects of addition of pyruvate to low-protein diets on the concentrations of nitrogen-containing compounds in the portal vein, hepatic artery, and hepatic vein of 40-kg pigs (mg/dL)¹

	Portal vein					Hepatic artery					Hepatic vein
	I	II	III	SEM	P	I	II	III	SEM	P	I	II	III	SEM	P
Thr	3.91	3.81	3.76	0.17	0.822	3.25	3.25	3.22	0.13	0.978	3.65	3.58	3.56	0.13	0.876
Val	3.71	3.63	3.59	0.16	0.866	2.87	2.83	2.83	0.11	0.965	3.43	3.37	3.35	0.12	0.885
Met	1.35	1.32	1.26	0.06	0.543	0.89	0.90	0.83	0.04	0.727	1.12	1.11	1.05	0.04	0.870
Ile	2.21	2.15	2.05	0.09	0.508	1.58	1.46	1.39	0.06	0.206	1.93	1.86	1.78	0.07	0.419
Leu	3.43	3.34	3.34	0.15	0.883	2.90	2.79	2.72	0.11	0.672	3.11	3.03	3.00	0.11	0.793
Phe	2.70	2.62	2.61	0.12	0.850	2.00	1.98	1.89	0.08	0.823	2.40	2.36	2.32	0.08	0.847
Lys	3.32	3.24	3.22	0.14	0.878	2.43	2.36	2.33	0.10	0.865	2.94	2.88	2.86	0.10	0.862
His	2.23	2.17	2.15	0.10	0.834	1.62	1.60	1.51	0.06	0.701	1.99	1.95	1.90	0.07	0.779
Arg	3.15	3.07	3.07	0.14	0.903	2.38	2.30	2.22	0.09	0.668	2.78	2.70	2.67	0.10	0.770
Trp	0.57	0.58	0.54	0.01	0.516	0.41	0.42	0.40	0.01	0.524	0.46	0.46	0.42	0.02	0.537
Pro	2.67	2.57	2.54	0.11	0.706	2.06	1.90	1.80	0.08	0.152	2.38	2.28	2.24	0.08	0.600
Asp	1.17	1.17	1.14	0.05	0.960	0.95	0.96	0.93	0.04	0.941	1.21	1.24	1.21	0.04	0.804
Ser	2.02	1.98	1.89	0.09	0.641	1.73	1.70	1.60	0.07	0.280	1.89	1.87	1.75	0.07	0.364
Glu	4.38	4.42	4.41	0.20	0.588	4.79	4.78	4.77	0.19	0.995	5.18	5.15	5.18	0.18	0.999
Gly	5.40a	4.91ab	4.60b	0.22	0.048	3.37	3.31	3.28	0.13	0.941	4.32	4.24	4.12	0.15	0.661
Ala	5.68a	5.15ab	4.72b	0.23	0.034	3.52	3.56	3.33	0.14	0.588	4.43	4.33	4.16	0.15	0.487
Cys	1.89	1.85	1.81	0.08	0.781	1.62	1.55	1.53	0.06	0.397	1.78	1.73	1.68	0.06	0.445
Tys	2.23	2.27	2.22	0.10	0.993	2.02	2.02	1.99	0.08	0.942	2.10	2.12	2.07	0.07	0.851
EAA	26.7	26.2	25.6	1.23	0.821	20.3	19.9	19.2	0.85	0.783	23.8	23.3	23.1	0.90	0.808
NEAA	25.5	24.5	23.4	0.96	0.486	20.1	19.8	19.2	0.71	0.874	23.3	22.9	22.6	0.73	0.760
TAA	52.2	50.7	49.0	2.19	0.682	40.4	39.6	38.5	1.56	0.824	47.0	46.2	45.7	1.64	0.799
NH3	0.91a	0.73b	0.65b	0.04	0.007	0.47	0.44	0.42	0.02	0.226	0.43	0.39	0.37	0.02	0.454
Urea	7.61	7.47	7.34	0.33	0.876	7.85	7.72	7.58	0.31	0.887	8.52a	8.28ab	8.15b	0.23	0.047

Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 5). EAA = essential amino acids; NEAA = non-essential amino acids; SEM = standard error of means; TAA = total amino acids.

¹I, control group (18% CP); II, group of 15.0% CP + 0.6% calcium pyruvate; III, group of 13.5% CP + 1.8% calcium pyruvate.

^a–cValues within a row with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05).