Table 3.
Adults
| Adult Studies: Resting | ||||
| Murias (2007) | 18 ASD (22.7±4.4 years, IQ 107.3±13.96) 18 TD (24.9±6.82 years, IQ 106.1±13.56) |
124 electrodes |
Eyes-closed | ↑ θ coherences in LF and LT regions; ↓, α coherences in F region; ↓, α coherences between F and other brain regions |
| Mathewson (2012) |
15 ASD (18.8-51.6 years, IQ 100.9±18.6) 16 TD (22.6-47.8 years, IQ 107±11.9) |
128 electrodes |
Eyes-open and eyes-closed | no difference between groups in α coherences in either condition |
| Saunders (2016) |
13 ASD (25.88±8.78 years, IQ 108±13.18) 13 TD (26.68±7.62 years, IQ 108±13.52) 11 ADHD (23.36±3.93 years, IQ 116.6±8.46) 10 Anxiety (25.82±8.50 years, IQ 116.56±8.62) | 128 electrodes |
Eyes-open (fixate on black cross) and eyes-closed | ↑ α coherence over LC-RC region during eyes-closed; approached significance in eyes-open condition NS differences in θ between groups during eyes-closed, approached significance in intrahemispheric frontal-frontal coherence in eyes-open condition |
| Barttfeld (2011) |
10 ASD (23.8±7.6 years, IQ 101.7±14.97) 10 TD (25.3±6.54 years, IQ NR) |
128 electrodes |
Eyes-closed | ↑ short-range δ coherences in lateral F; ↓, long-range δ coherences in F-P and medium-range δ interhemispheric F-F connections |
| Tseng (2015) | 10 HFA (19.6±1.96 years, VIQ 108.0±16.68 NVIQ 107±16.6) 10 TD (24.4±3.24 years, VIQ 113.8±5.79, NVIQ 117.7±12.00) | 132 electrodes |
Eyes-open, fixate on cross | No difference between groups in δ-θ |
| Adult Studies: Task-based | ||||
| Catarino (2013) |
15 ASD (23–42 years, IQ 119±13) 15 TD (21-37 years IQ 119±14) | 28 electrodes |
Faces and chairs categorization task | ↓, α and θ interhemispheric coherence across the brain, however corrected correlations support only reduced coherence in α at one long-range electrode pair (T interhemispheric) during face processing. |
| Tseng (2015) | 10 HFA (19.6±1.96 years, VIQ 108.0±16.68 NVIQ 107±16.6) 10 TD (24.4±3.24 years, VIQ 113.8±5.79, NVIQ 117.7±12.00) | 132 electrodes |
Facial emotion recognition task (photographs and line drawings conditions) | ↓ δ-θ in P and nearby regions in photograph task; No δ-θ differences in line task; No differences in α or β between groups in either condition |
| Adult Studies: Sleep | ||||
| Léveillé (2010) | 9 ASD (21.1±4.0 years, IQ 101.3) 13 TD (21.5±4.3 years, IQ 115.7) | 22 electrodes |
REM | ↑ short- and long-range δ and θ coherence between L O-F and L O-P; ↓, θ short-range coherence in RF lobe; No significant interhemispheric differences or differences between groups based on α or β |
Main coherence findings are based on ASD compared to TD, unless otherwise specified. ASD=Autism spectrum disorder, TD=Typically developing, HFA=High-functioning autism, LFA=Low-functioning autism, IQ=Intelligence Quotient, VIQ=Verbal IQ, NVIQ=Nonverbal IQ, δ=Delta, θ=Theta, α=Alpha, β=Beta, γ=Gamma, B=Bilateral, L=Left, R=Right, F=Frontal, T=Temporal, C=Central, P=Posterior (Parietal+OccipitaI), NR=Not Reported, All parameters in standard deviations.