Figure 7.

Cardiac Function of IV- and ICV-Treated SMARD1 Mice Are Equally Repaired Compared to Untreated Mice

Echocardiography was conducted on 8-week-old IV- and ICV-treated nmd males and compared to those of age-matched untreated and healthy controls (wild-type and “HET”). Untreated and wild-type (n = 5): “HET”, IV- and ICV-treated (n = 4). Cardiac functional parameters, including ejection fraction, cardiac output, diastolic function, LV filling pressure, diastolic stiffness, and LA/AO ratio, were obtained using measurements from the modified parasternal short axis view in the M-mode. (A) Ejection fraction (one-way ANOVA, IV and ICV versus untreated, p < 0.05; IV and ICV versus “WT”, ns; “WT” and “HET” versus untreated, p < 0.001). (B) Cardiac output (one-way ANOVA, IV and ICV versus untreated, p < 0.01; IV and ICV versus “HET”, ns; “WT” versus IV and ICV, p < 0.05; “WT” and “HET” versus untreated, p < 0.001). (C) LV diastolic function (one-way ANOVA, IV and “HET” versus untreated, p < 0.01; ICV and “WT” versus untreated, p < 0.05; IV and ICV versus “WT” and “HET”, ns). (D) LV filling pressure (one-way ANOVA, IV versus untreated, p < 0.05; “WT” and “HET” versus IV and ICV, ns; “WT” and “HET” versus untreated, p < 0.05; ICV versus untreated, ns). (E) Diastolic stiffness (one-way ANOVA, IV versus untreated, p < 0.01; ICV versus untreated, p < 0.05; IV and ICV versus “WT” and “HET”, ns; “WT” versus untreated, p < 0.01; “HET” versus untreated, p < 0.05). (F) LA/AO ratio (one-way ANOVA, no significance between all groups). LA, lumen; AO, aorta. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.