Figure 1.

A Combination of AA and NG Rebalances Smad3 and Smad7 Signaling in Bone Marrow-Derived NK Cells In Vitro

(A) Pre-incubation of NG attenuates 15-min stimulation of TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL)-induced phosphorylation of Smad3 on bone marrow-derived NK cells in a dose-dependent manner. (B) Pre-incubation of AA restores Smad7 expression on bone marrow-derived NK cells in a dose-dependent manner with TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) stimulation for 24 hr. (C) Western blot analysis shows the capability of AA (10 μM) and NG (100 μM) treatment on inhibiting Smad3 signaling while enhancing Smad7 signaling under a 5 ng/mL TGF-β1 condition on bone marrow-derived NK cells. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM for groups of three independent experiments; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared to TGF-β1; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, and ###p < 0.001 as indicated.