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. 2018 Sep 6;18:247. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2318-2

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Effect of oral treatment of Sida pilosa aqueous extract on the liver (I) and ileum (II) histology of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. Arrows: indicate inflammatory cells infiltration; F-Gr: fibrotic granuloma; Gr: granuloma. In uninfected-untreated mice, liver (I-a) and ileum sections (II-a) showed normal structure. Multiple and voluminous granulomas surrounded with fibrous tissue were present in the liver sections of infected-untreated mice (I-b). The mucosa of their ileum contains nonfibrotic granulomas and the muscular layer was thickened (II-b). In the liver (I-c) and ileum sections (II-c) of SpAE-treated mice, scare and small granulomas were detected; while in PZQ-treated mice, liver (I-d) and ileum sections (II-d) were nearly free of granulomas