Table 3.

Univariate and Multivariate Analysis for Predictors Associated With Cirrhosis‐Related Osteoporosis

			Unadjusted Univariate Analysis			Adjusted for Age, Sex, VitD
Attributes		Bone Loss (n = 26)	No Bone Loss (n = 35)	P Value	OR (95% CI)	P Value	OR (95% CI)
Age (year)*		53.42 ± 10.98	49.77 ± 10.71	0.184	1.03 (0.98‐1.88)
Sex
Male		18	30	0.127	0.375 (0.10‐1.32)
Female		8	5		1
Etiology
Nonalcoholic		14	17		1
Alcoholic		12	18	0.681	0.81(0.29‐2.24)	0.927	1.07 (0.23‐5.02)
Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh stage
A		2	08		1
B		7	22	0.821	1.23 (0.21‐7.27)	0.935	1.12 (0.066‐12.15)
C		17	05	0.047	6.43(1.03‐40.27)	0.635	1.8 (1.26‐25.67)
Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease*		18.38 ± 4.66	13.77 ± 4.04	0.001	1.26 (1.11‐1.45)	0.050	1.24 (1.02‐1.54)
Vitamin D3 (ng/mL)†		17.75 (12.6‐24.8); n = 14	22.75 (15.23‐34.78); n = 20	0.45	0.98 (0.94‐1.027)
Serum calcium (mg/dL)*		8.49 ± 1.24	8.26 ± 0.75	0.415	1.29 (0.70‐2.39)	0.341	1.4 (0.68‐2.88)
Serum phosphorus (mg/dL)*		3.11 ± 0.85	3.03 ± 0.88	0.773	1.11(0.54‐2.30)	0.252	0.48 (0.14‐1.59)
Serum bilirubin (mg/dL)†		2.30 (1.36‐3.73)	2.15 (1.5‐3.76)	0.201	1.08 (0.96‐1.23)	0.15	0.86 (0.57‐1.5)
Osteoblasts / paratrabecular area*		6.1 ± 2.75	14.26 ± 4.6	<0.001	0.66 (0.55‐0.79)	0.02	0.57 (0.36‐0.92)
Osteocytes / trabeculae*		12.89 ± 4.19	22.83 ± 6.88	<0.001	0.72 (0.61‐0.85)	0.01	0.68(0.50‐0.92)
Osteocalcin area (%)*		4.19 ± 3.80	6.3 ± 4.45	0.422	0.97 (0.90‐1.04)	0.78	1.01 (0.92‐1.11)
Nestin+ cells/20×*		6.16 ± 3.12	12.61 ± 2.75	<0.001	0.52 (0.38‐0.71)	0.006	0.45 (0.25‐0.80)
CD169/20×*		12.26 ± 6.00	18.00 ± 7.32	0.004	0.881 (0.81‐0.96)	0.11	0.89 (0.78‐1.03)

^*Mean ± SD.

^†Median (interquartile range).