. 2018 Sep 4;6:e5592. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5592

Table 3. Effects of vineyard sites of soil on Chl-a fluorescence kinetics during winter and summer cropping cycle.

	F_o	F_m	F_v	F_v/F_m
Sites	Winter	Winter	Winter	Winter
Lower	592.94 ± 4.37^c	3058.50 ± 26.43^a	2465.60 ± 26.65^a	0.80 ± 0.003^a
Middle	728.55 ± 15.47^b	2911.60 ± 7.91^b	2183.00 ± 22.39^b	0.75 ± 0.006^b
Upper	816.89 ± 9.69^a	2832.90 ± 9.62^c	2016.00 ± 17.17^c	0.71 ± 0.003^c
Sig	*	*	*	*
	Summer	Summer	Summer	Summer
Lower	368.18 ± 17.19^c	2083.90 ± 11.26^a	1750.60 ± 18.12^a	0.83 ± 0.003^a
Middle	457.33 ± 28.94^b	1820.50 ± 35.97^b	1486.90 ± 40.25^b	0.81 ± 0.01^a
Upper	576.55 ± 8.06^a	1641.80 ± 35.09^c	1230.00 ± 11.97^c	0.75 ± 0.02^b
Sig	*	*	*	*
Season
Winter	712.79 ± 33.01^a	2934.30 ± 34.11^a	2221.50 ± 66.54^a	0.75 ± 0.02^b
Summer	467.36 ± 31.79^b	1848.80 ± 65.90^b	1489.10 ± 76.29^b	0.80 ± 0.01^a
Sig	*	*	*	*

Notes:

Mean (±SE) with different letters are significantly different within sites and season (mean separation by Tukey’s HSD test at p < 0.05).

F_o, minimum fluorescence; F_m, maximum fluorescence; F_v, variable fluorescence; F_v/F_m, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II.

Indicates significance at p = 0.05.