Table S2.
Costs associated with COPD maintenance and exacerbations
| Maintenance costs
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Component | Resource use (severe COPD) | Resource use (very severe COPD) | Cost per use | Cost per month (severe COPD) | Cost per month (very severe COPD) | Resource use source | Cost source |
| GP consultations, per year (per month, SEM) | 2 (0.17, 0.05) | 2 (0.17, 0.05) | £44.00 | £7.33 | £7.33 | BMJ Best Practice (2016)17 | PSSRU (2015)19 |
| Spirometry, days per year (days per month) | 2 (0.17, 0.001) | 4 (0.33, 0.03) | £50.05a | £8.34 | £16.68 | Oostenbrink et al (2005)18 | Samyshkin et al (2014)11 |
| Influenza vaccination, % of patients (per month, SEM) | 75 (6.25, 0.01) | 75 (6.25, 0.01) | £6.29 | £0.39 | £0.39 | Oostenbrink et al (2005)18 | BNF (July 2016)16 |
| Oxygen therapy, days per month (SEM) | 1.22 (0.23) | 6.08 (1.04) | £13.56b | £16.50 | £82.49 | Oostenbrink et al (2005)18 | Oostenbrink et al (2005)18 |
| Total monthly cost | £32.57 | £106.90 | |||||
| Exacerbation costs
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Component | Mean value | Cost per use | Cost per exacerbation | Resource use reference | Cost reference |
| Moderate exacerbations | |||||
| Excess GP consultations, per year (SEM) | 2.03 (0.61) | £44.00 (£9.76) | £89.32 | BMJ Best Practice (2016)17 Thomas et al (2014)21 |
PSSRU (2015)19 |
| Prednisolone (7 days) (% of patients) | 50 | £9.69 | £4.84 | Assumptionc | BNF (July 2016)16 |
| Prednisolone (14 days) (% of patients) | 50 | £19.37 | £9.69 | Assumptionc | BNF (July 2016)16 |
| Total cost | £103.85 | ||||
| Severe exacerbations | |||||
| Excess GP consultations, per year (SEM) | 8.03 (2.42) | £44.00 (£9.76) | £353.32 | BMJ Best Practice (2016)17 Thomas et al (2014)21 |
PSSRU (2015)19 |
| Hospital admission (% of patients) | 100 | £1,183.06 (£102.99) | £1,183.06 | By definition | NHS reference costs (DZ65)d |
| Ambulance transport (% of patients) | 90 | £223.02 (£15.22) | £209.72 | Assumption | NHS reference costs (ASS02) |
| Total cost | £1,724.43 | ||||
Notes:
a
Indexed to 2015.
b
Indexed to 2015 and converted at PPP exchange rate.
c
Assumed that 50% of patients will receive treatment with prednisolone for 7 days and 50% for 14 days when they have had a moderate exacerbation.
d
Weighted average of non-elective short stay and long stay.
Abbreviations: BMJ, British Medical Journal; BNF, British National Formulary; GP, general practitioner; NHS, National Health Service; PPP, Purchasing Power Parity; PSSRU, Personal Social Services Research Unit.