Table 1.

Characteristics of cases and controls

	Cases (n=1,090)	Controls (n=1,152)	p-value*
Age, mean (standard deviation)	40.9 (7.0)	38.6 (7.4)	<0.001†
Male, n (%)	584 (53.6)	537 (46.6)	0.001†
Self-reported race, n (%)
White	544 (50)	656 (57)	0.003†
Black	490 (45)	441 (38)
Others	56 (5)	55 (5)
History of diabetes, n (%)	186 (17.1)	53 (4.6)	<0.001
History of hypertension, n (%)	455 (41.7)	208 (18.1)	<0.001
Current Smokers, n (%)	492 (45.1)	337 (29.3)	<0.001
Current alcohol users, n (%)	659 (60.5)	764 (66.3)	0.005
History of cocaine use
Never	784 (71.9)	856 (74.3)	0.95
Ever	306 (28.1)	296 (25.7)

^*Unadjusted p-values for age, gender and ethnicity; for other variables, P-values were adjusted for age, gender and race.

^†The age, gender and race disparity between cases and controls is due to the fact that the initial study period had a younger age limit, recruited only women, did not match for race, and had a 1:2 case:control ratio.