Table 4. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with birth asphyxia, University of Gondar referral hospital, Ethiopia, April-July 2017.
| Variables | Birth Asphyxia | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asphyxiated (n = 90) | Not asphyxiated (180) | |||
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 51(56.7) | 148(82.2) | 1 | 1 |
| Rural | 39(43.3) | 32(17.8) | 3.54(2.01, 6.23) | 1.16(0.37, 3.67) |
| Maternal education | ||||
| No formal education | 35(38.9) | 38(21.1) | 2.76(1.49, 4.51) | 1.81(0.41, 8.04) |
| Primary | 24(26.7) | 49(27.2) | 1.47(0.78, 2.77) | 2.19(0.76, 6.33) |
| Secondary+ | 31(34.4) | 93(51.7) | 1 | 1 |
| Maternal occupation | ||||
| Government employed | 10(11.1) | 36(20.0) | 0.37(0.17, 0.80) | 1.15(0.29, 4.51) |
| Private employed | 12(13.3) | 36(20.0) | 0.44(0.21, 0.93) | 0.86(0.25, 3.00) |
| Merchant | 10(11.1) | 31(17.2) | 0.43(0.19, 0.94) | 0.74(0.21, 2.59) |
| House wives | 58(64.4) | 77(42.8) | 1 | 1 |
| Parity | ||||
| 1(Primipara) | 41(45.6) | 67(37.2) | 1.79(1.01, 3.18) | 1.45(0.57, 3.76) |
| 2-4(Multipara) | 20(22.2) | 28(15.6) | 2.09(1.03, 4.27) | 1.59(0.41, 6.16) |
| ≥5(Grand multipara) | 29(32.2) | 85(47.2) | 1 | 1 |
| APH | ||||
| Yes | 9(10.0) | 6(3.3) | 3.22(1.11, 9.36) | 2.39(0.48, 11.94) |
| No | 81(90.0) | 174(96.7) | 1 | 1 |
| Pregnancy Induced Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 10(62.5) | 6(3.3) | 3.63(1.27, 10.32) | 3.24(0.69, 15.27) |
| No | 80(31.5) | 174(96.7) | 1 | 1 |
| Types of labour | ||||
| Spontaneous | 56(62.2) | 151(83.9) | 1 | 1 |
| Induced | 34(37.8) | 29(16.1) | 3.16(1.77, 5.66) | 2.01(0.76, 5.28) |
| Fetal Presentation | ||||
| Cephalic | 73(81.1) | 175(97.2) | 1 | 1 |
| Not cephalic | 17(18.9) | 5(2.8) | 8.15(2.90, 22.92) | 3.29(0.63, 17.21) |
| Mode of delivery | ||||
| SVD | 40(44.4) | 154(85.6) | 1 | 1 |
| Instrumental | 16(17.8) | 11(6.1) | 5.60(2.41, 13.01) | 1.68(0.44, 6.42) |
| Cesarean section | 34(37.8) | 15(8.3) | 8.73(4.33, 17.57) | 3.58(1.13, 11.31)* |
| Duration of labor | ||||
| Normal | 36(40.0) | 124(68.9) | 1 | 1 |
| Prolonged | 54(60.0) | 56(31.1) | 3.24(1.91, 5.48) | 2.75(1.18, 6.94)* |
| Meconium stained AF | ||||
| Yes | 40(44.4) | 18(10.0) | 7.20(3.80, 13.66) | 7.69(2.99, 19.70)* |
| No | 50(55.6) | 162(90.0) | 1 | 1 |
| PROM | ||||
| Yes | 35(38.9) | 25(13.9) | 3.95(2.17, 7.18) | 2.24(0.89, 5.58) |
| No | 55(61.1) | 155(86.1) | 1 | 1 |
| Obstructed labor | ||||
| Yes | 18(20.0) | 8(4.4) | 5.38(2.24, 12.92) | 1.63(0.41, 6.42) |
| No | 72(80.0) | 172(95.6) | 1 | 1 |
| Birth Attendant | ||||
| Intern doctor | 14(15.6) | 4(35.6) | 0.19(0.09, 0.37) | 0.72(0.23, 2.16) |
| Midwife | 14(15.6) | 63(35.0) | 0.19(0.10, 0.38) | 0.64(0.20, 2.01) |
| Resident doctor | 62(68.8) | 53(29.4) | 1 | 1 |
| Sex of new born | ||||
| Male | 60(66.7) | 87(48.3) | 2.14(1.26, 3.62) | 1.92(0.84, 4.390 |
| Female | 30(33.3) | 93(51.7) | 1 | 1 |
| Gestational age | ||||
| Pre-term | 16(17.8) | 11(6.1) | 3.40(1.50, 7.73) | 1.17(0.29, 4.67) |
| Term | 65(72.2) | 152(84.5) | 1 | 1 |
| Post-term | 9(10.0) | 17(9.4) | 1.24(0.53, 2.92) | 1.82(0.54, 6.06) |
| Birth weight | ||||
| Normal | 68(75.6) | 171(95.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Low | 22(24.4) | 9(5.0) | 6.15(2.69, 14.03) | 7.72(1.88, 31.68)* |
| Fetal heart rate, in bpm | ||||
| <100 | 32(35.6) | 9(5.0) | 11.0(4.96, 24.38) | 5.74(1.53, 21.55)* |
| ≥100 | 58(64.4) | 171(95.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Birth type | ||||
| Twin | 8(8.9) | 7(3.9) | 2.41(0.85, 6.88) | 0.78(0.13, 4.65) |
| Singleton | 82(91.1) | 173(96.1) | 1 | 1 |
* Statistically significant at P<0.05, COR (Crude Odds Ratio), AOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio)