Table 1. Descriptive and scale information of and differences between parenting and child-care staff practicesa (N = 161).
| Category | Practice | Number of items | Parental sample | Child-care staff sample | p-value differenceb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cronbach ‘s alpha | Mean (sd) | Cronbach ‘s alpha | Mean (sd) | ||||
| Diet-related | Restriction | 5 | .56 | 3.31 (.65) | .63 | 3.71 (.69) | <.001 |
| Modeling | 4 | .73 | 4.22 (.59) | .63 | 4.51 (.52) | <.001 | |
| Encourage balance and variety | 3 | .57 | 4.31 (.59) | .63 | 4.44 (.55) | .040 | |
| Single item: How often do you encourage your child/the children to eat healthy foods before unhealthy ones? | 1 | - | 3.93 (1.09) | - | 4.37 (1.04) | .001 | |
| Environment | 2 | .52 | 3.70 (.86) | .59 | 4.58 (.60) | <.001 | |
| Single item: I keep / There is a lot of snack food present in my house / the child-care center. (mirrored) | 1 | - | 3.53 (1.12) | - | 4.59 (.92) | <.001 | |
| Single item: A variety of healthy foods are available to my child / the children at each meal served at home / the child-care center. | 1 | - | 3.45 (1.08) | - | 4.44 (.90) | <.001 | |
| Teaching about nutrition | 2 | .67 | 3.29 (1.15) | .64 | 3.50 (.93) | .070 | |
| Single item: I tell my child / the children what to eat and what not to eat without explanation. (mirrored) | 1 | - | 3.86 (.97) | - | 4.38 (.97) | <.001 | |
| Pressure to eat | 4 | .70 | 3.05 (.85) | .70 | 3.26 (.79) | .025 | |
| Child control | 5 | .51 | 2.45 (.52) | .57 | 2.66 (.56) | <.001 | |
| Emotion regulation | |||||||
| Single item: How often when this / a child gets fussy, is giving him/her something to eat the first thing you do? | 1 | - | 1.76 (.73) | - | 1.37 (.58) | <.001 | |
| Single item: How often do you give this / a child something to eat or drink if s/he is upset, even if you think s/he is not hungry? | 1 | - | 1.39 (.64) | - | 1.27 (.53) | .054 | |
| Single item: How often do you give this / a child something to eat or drink if s/he is bored, even if you think s/he is not hungry? | 1 | - | 1.28 (.53) | - | 1.11 (.37) | .001 | |
| Activity-related | Parental/child-care worker engagement and structure | 12 | .83 | 3.43 (.45) | .89 | 3.80 (.47) | <.001 |
| Psychological control | 3 | .59 | 2.42 (.68) | .52 | 2.30 (.68) | .101 | |
| Single item: How often do you not let your child / children play actively for fear of him/her / them getting dirty? | 1 | - | 1.54 (.71) | - | 1.27 (.74) | .001 | |
| Single item: How often do you tell your child s/he is / children they are not good enough yet at sports or active games? | 1 | - | 1.38 (.65) | - | 1.05 (.22) | <.001 | |
| Promote inactivity | 2 | .56 | 2.13 (.82) | .54 | 1.84 (.69) | <.001 | |
| Single item: How often do you have outdoor toys available for your child / the children? | 1 | - | 4.43 (.77) | - | 4.58 (.52) | .035 | |
a Parenting and child-care practices measure by CFPQ, PPAPP and CFAPQ (Scale 1–5).
b P-value from t-test comparing parenting practice and child-care practice.