. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2018 Jul;25(4):334–350. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2018.05.005

Table I.

Renal Ammonia Production and Partitioning


Cause	Urine	Renal Vein	Urine/Renal Vein	Production	Reference

Type I RTA	↓	↑^a	↓^a	↑^a,b	---
Acetazolamide	↓	↑	NC	↓	172
Metabolic Acidosis	↑	NC	↑	↑	36,37
Hypokalemia	↑	↑	NC	↑	173
Metabolic Alkalosis	↓	↑	↓	NC	171

Predicted

Total renal ammonia production would be predicted to be increased as a result of both a chronic metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia. Increased blood ammonia levels have been documented in patients with Type I RTA attributed to increased renal vein ammonia delivery (Refs 185–189).

NC No change