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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2018 Aug 9;143(8):1963–1977. doi: 10.1002/ijc.31586

Figure 1. Affinity-purified serum CEA (sCEA) derived from cancer patients activates naïve human neonatal fibroblasts (HNNFbs).

Figure 1.

A. sCEA induces changes of fibroblast cellular morphology. Photomicrograph of semi-confluent HNNFb cultures stimulated by TGF-β (5pg/mL), sCEA or BSA (200 ng/mL) for 24 hours. Note the change in cellular morphology of TGF-β and sCEA treated HNNFb cultures. B. Fluorescence images of untreated and sCEA-treated HNNFbs stained with FITC-phalloidin. C. Stimulation of HNNFbs with sCEA triggers an increase in paxillin phosphorylation. D. Activation of HNNFbs with sCEA results in the upregulation of α-SMA and VEGF expression.