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. 2018 Sep 7;8:13478. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31175-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Estimates of potential: (A) N₂O-N flux, and (B) Deep soil extractable nitrate if scaled to currently double-cropped area determined by Spera et al.¹⁸ underlain by Oxisols (Latossolos in the Brazilian classification). Nitrate that moved into deep soils was estimated as the nitrate measured at 100 to 400 cm in the 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg N ha⁻¹ treatments after the N fertilization experiment minus the nitrate at the same depth in the control treatment. Plotted line is best model fit to scaled data based on Akaike information criterion values adjusted for small samples (AIC_c) shown in Table S2. Map and globe inset were created in ArcMap, v10.5.