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. 2018 Sep 7;8:13460. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31824-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Historical projections of PCB concentrations (mg/kg lipid) in southern resident killer whales (SRKW) (A) and Chinook salmon (B) simulated with the Ecotracer routine of the EwE model and adjusted to different values of lipid content (%). Projected PCB concentrations of PCBs lipid normalized to relatively normal values of lipid content reproduce concentrations close to empirical data observed in both species, as reported elsewhere^18–21. The open circles are the average PCB concentration observed in SRKW and Chinook salmon and error bars are 95% CI. By normalizing the PCB concentrations to low lipid fractions observed in killer whales (i.e. lipid content = 9.6%) and Chinook salmons (i.e. lipid content = 0.87%), the concentrations of PCBs are amplified in these species as an indication of a bioamplification process.