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. 2018 Sep 7;8:13472. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31534-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The L-Lactate-induced potentiation is blunted at increased glutamate concentration; activation of a NR2B component in the calcium response appears. (A_1a and A_2a) Intracellular Ca²⁺ signals (black– and red-average Fura-2 ratio traces respectively for control condition and in presence of L-Lactate at 10 mM) recorded from 2 different cultures (A_1a: n_cell = 54; A_2a: n_cell = 29) and following 2 successive co-applications of glutamate/glycine (A_1a: 10 μM/100 μM; A_2a: 100 μM/100 μM; 2 min; dots). (A_1b and A_2b) Expanded calcium traces shown in A_1a and A_2a. In contrast to the Ca²⁺ response evoked by a weak glutamate concentration (Fig. 2), L-Lactate is inefficient at potentiating the Ca²⁺ response evoked by a strong concentration of glutamate. (A₃) Bar charts summarizing the absence of potentiation by L-Lactate of Ca²⁺ responses evoked by the co-application of glutamate/glycine when concentration of glutamate is 10 μM (n_cult = 6; n_cells = 276) or 100 μM (n_cult = 6; n_cells = 155). (B_1a and B_2a) Intracellular Ca²⁺ signals (black– and green-average Fura-2 ratio traces respectively for control condition and in presence of Ifenprodil at 2 μM) recorded from 2 different cultures (B_1a: n_cell = 31; B_2a: n_cell = 27) and following 2 successive co-applications of glutamate/glycine (B_1a: 10 μM/100 μM; B_2a: 100 μM/100 μM; 2 min; dots). (B_1b and B_2b) Expanded calcium traces shown in B_1a and B_1b. They clearly indicate a strong decrease of the Ca²⁺ response evoked by the co-application of glutamate/glycine in presence of Ifenprodil. (B₃) Bar charts summarizing the significant blocking effect of Ifenprodil on Ca²⁺ responses evoked by the co-application of glutamate/glycine when concentration of glutamate is 10 μM (n_cult = 6; n_cells = 187) or 100 μM (n_cult = 6; n_cells = 138). Results are presented as means ± SEM (***p < 0.001; paired t-test).