Table 1.

Non-human studies on acid-sensitive channels and panic-like symptoms

Study	Species	Strain	Sex	Weight	Acid channel	Control (n)	Panic (n)	Drugs	Area	F-value	p-value	Outcome
Almeida-Santos et al.24	Rats	Wistar	Male	220–240 g	TRPV1	9	7	Capsazepine	dlPAG	F (8,33) = 2.81	<0.05	Blockade of TRVP1 receptors in the dlPAG decreases escape responses in animals exposed to the ETM test
Batista et al.25	Rats	Wistar	Male	250–350 g	TRPV1	14	29	Arachidonoyl-serotonin	IV route	F (3,39) = 1.07	0.37	No effect of blockade on escape behavior
Casarotto et al.26	Rats	Wistar	Male	300–330 g	TRPV1	9	20	Capsazepine	dlPAG	F (3,25) = 16.58	<0.05	Capsazepine increases the threshold of electric current required to induce a panic-like response
dos Anjos et al.27	Rats	Wistar	Male	230–270 g	TRPV1	8	8	6-I-CPS	Ventromedial hypothalamus	NA	>0.05	Pretreatment with 6-I-CPS prevented escape behavior
Lisboa et al.28	Rats	Wistar	Male	230–270 g	TRPV1	35	22	Capsazepine	dlPAG	F (1,53) = 10.6	<0.005	Capsazepine reduced flight reactions

TRPV1 transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1, 6-I-CPS 6-iodonordihydrocapsaicin, dlPAG dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, IV intravenous, ETM elevated T-maze, NA not available