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. 2018 Sep 7;9:3632. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05956-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Yield and yield stability comparing no-tillage and conventional tillage. a Mean yield ratio. b Absolute stability ratio. c Relative stability ratio of no-tillage (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT) for all crops (Overall) and for crops, for which at least 10 observations were available. Numbers in parentheses denote the number of observations and studies. A ratio of 1 means that there is no difference between no-tillage and conventional tillage while a value <1 indicates higher yield for conventional tillage. For both stability measures ratios >1 indicate greater stability for conventional tillage. Values are mean effect sizes with 95% confidential intervals. Mean yield or stability were deemed significantly different between no-tillage and conventional tillage if the 95% confidential intervals of the ratios did not overlap one