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. 2018 Sep 7;8:13417. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31735-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Alternative domain structures for nitrate reductase enzymes. (a) The conserved structure of nitrate reductase in higher plants, algae, and fungi, depicting five domains (MO-MPT, DI, Heme-Fe, FAD, and NADH domains) and 3 regions (N-terminal, hinge 1 and hinge 2 regions)³. (b) The structure of NR2 with a 2/2HbN domain (indicated by grey box) inserted in its Hinge 2 region of Heterosigma akashiwo and Chattonella subsalsa². (c) The structure of NR3 lacking the Heme-Fe domain and with a 14-3-3 protein binding motif (indicated by grey circle) at a phospho-Ser residue (underlined in RRLSAP) in the Hinge 1 region of Chattonella subsalsa. N: N-terminal region; Mo-MPT: molybdenum-molybdopterin cofactor domain; DI: dimer interface; Heme: cytochrome b5-binding domain containing Heme-Fe; FAD: flavin adenine dinucleotide domain; NAD(P)H: NAD(P)H domain; C: C-terminal of NR enzyme.